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Effectiveness of Butanol and Deposit Control Additive in Fuel to Reduce Deposits of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Injectors

Author

Listed:
  • Ireneusz Pielecha

    (Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Stępień

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 31-503 Krakow, Poland)

  • Filip Szwajca

    (Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Kinal

    (Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

Modern internal combustion engines are designed to meet new emission standards and reduce fuel consumption. The wide application of direct fuel injection is associated with the problem of injector contamination. It leads to a deterioration of the engine’s environmental performance. The paper aims to evaluate the effect of applying gasoline–butanol blends and appropriate additives on the formation of injector deposits. The research involved testing the engine on a dynamometer, evaluating the injector tips visually at 1000× magnification, and registering the fuel spray using high-speed imaging techniques with a laser and halogen lighting source. The effect of engine operating with the reference fuel was to coke the injector tip with a linear pattern. It increased the linear injection time to keep the engine’s operating point constant over the 48 h test. The application of 20% ( v / v ) butanol reduced deposit formation. The best scavenging results were obtained by extending the engine operating time by the next 24 h and using a cleaning procedure. The procedure included a cleaning additive in addition to butanol. Among the cases analyzed, a combination of butanol and DCA (Deposit Control Additive) was the best method for injector patency restoration.

Suggested Citation

  • Ireneusz Pielecha & Zbigniew Stępień & Filip Szwajca & Grzegorz Kinal, 2022. "Effectiveness of Butanol and Deposit Control Additive in Fuel to Reduce Deposits of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Injectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:77-:d:1010452
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zbigniew Stępień & Grażyna Żak & Jarosław Markowski & Michał Wojtasik, 2021. "Investigation into the Impact of the Composition of Ethanol Fuel Deposit Control Additives on Their Effectiveness," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Zhang, Wenbin & Zhang, Zhou & Ma, Xiao & Awad, Omar I. & Li, Yanfei & Shuai, Shijin & Xu, Hongming, 2020. "Impact of injector tip deposits on gasoline direct injection engine combustion, fuel economy and emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    3. Li, Xiaoyan & Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Tian, Zhi, 2022. "Numerical comparative study on performance and emissions characteristics fueled with methanol, ethanol and methane in high compression spark ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
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    Cited by:

    1. Vellaiyan, Suresh, 2023. "Recent advancements in water emulsion fuel to explore efficient and cleaner production from various biodiesels: A retrospective review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).

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