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Systematic Method for Developing Reference Driving Cycles Appropriate to Electric L-Category Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • David Watling

    (Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

  • Patrícia Baptista

    (Centre for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research (IN+), Associação para o Desenvolvimento do Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Gonçalo Duarte

    (Centre for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research (IN+), Associação para o Desenvolvimento do Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Jianbing Gao

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Haibo Chen

    (Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

Abstract

Increasingly, demanding environmental standards reflect the need for improved energy efficiency and reduced externalities in the transportation sector. Reference driving cycles provide standard speed profiles against which future developments and innovations may be tested. In the paper, we develop such profiles for a class of electric L-category vehicles, which are anticipated to play an increasing future role in urban areas. While such driving cycles exist for regular L-category vehicles, these may not be suitable in the case of electric vehicles, due to their power output limitations. We present a methodology for deriving these new driving cycles, developed from empirically deduced power relationships, before demonstrating their application under different assumptions on the terrain and vehicle characteristics. The applications demonstrate the feasibility of the method in developing appropriate driving patterns for alternative real-world contexts. On flat terrain, the adjustments made to cope with the power limitations of L-EV do not introduce significant differences in energy consumption, suggesting that the certification does not require extensive modification. However, when considering road slope, differences of up to 5% in energy use and up to 10% in regenerated energy were observed, showing the importance of the developed method for assessing vehicle performance in real-world driving.

Suggested Citation

  • David Watling & Patrícia Baptista & Gonçalo Duarte & Jianbing Gao & Haibo Chen, 2022. "Systematic Method for Developing Reference Driving Cycles Appropriate to Electric L-Category Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-28, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3466-:d:811775
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    References listed on IDEAS

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