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Performance Evaluation of a BESS Unit for Black Start and Seamless Islanding Operation

Author

Listed:
  • Seyedmahdi Izadkhast

    (Electrical Engineering Education (EEE), Microelectronics Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Rafael Cossent

    (Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • Pablo Frías

    (Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • Pablo García-González

    (Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • Andrea Rodríguez-Calvo

    (Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain
    Current address: EDP Renewables, 28033 Madrid, Spain.)

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the overall performance of a battery energy storage system (BESS) during (I) grid-connected, (II) black start, and (III) islanded operating modes. To do so, firstly, a novel three-mode controller is proposed and developed. The proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is implemented, including the following three components: (1) inertia emulation, (2) frequency-active power and voltage-reactive power droops, and (3) secondary frequency and voltage controllers. Secondly, to effectively evaluate the proposed controller performance under various grid operating conditions during both black start and seamless transition to islanded operation, a set of comprehensive dynamic simulations using Matlab/Simulink is carried out. To this end, the sensitivity analyses on numerous grid operating parameters, such as pre-disturbance grid power, total installed BESS capacity, battery state of charge, unbalanced three-phase load flows, implemented power-frequency controller parameters, and distribution network types with various shares of dynamic and static loads, are performed. Thirdly, to practically improve the seamless transition performance enabling the demand response participation, a fast-controlled thermostatic load scheme is implemented. Simulation results show that the BESS unit using the proposed three-mode controller has great potential to successfully control the frequency and voltage within allowable limits during both islanding and black start modes over a wide range of grid operating conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Seyedmahdi Izadkhast & Rafael Cossent & Pablo Frías & Pablo García-González & Andrea Rodríguez-Calvo, 2022. "Performance Evaluation of a BESS Unit for Black Start and Seamless Islanding Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:5:p:1736-:d:758805
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Naowarat Tephiruk & Weerawoot Kanokbannakorn & Thongchart Kerdphol & Yasunori Mitani & Komsan Hongesombut, 2018. "Fuzzy Logic Control of a Battery Energy Storage System for Stability Improvement in an Islanded Microgrid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Muhammed Y. Worku & Mohamed A. Hassan & Mohamed A. Abido, 2019. "Real Time Energy Management and Control of Renewable Energy based Microgrid in Grid Connected and Island Modes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Wade, N.S. & Taylor, P.C. & Lang, P.D. & Jones, P.R., 2010. "Evaluating the benefits of an electrical energy storage system in a future smart grid," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 7180-7188, November.
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    1. Ander Zubiria & Álvaro Menéndez & Hans-Jürgen Grande & Pilar Meneses & Gregorio Fernández, 2022. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Problem for Energy Storage Technology Selection for Different Grid Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-25, October.
    2. Tae-Hwan Jin & Ki-Yeol Shin & Mo Chung & Geon-Pyo Lim, 2022. "Development and Performance Verification of Frequency Control Algorithm and Hardware Controller Using Real-Time Cyber Physical System Simulator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-24, August.

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