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The Cultivation of Water Hyacinth in India as a Feedstock for Anaerobic Digestion: Development of a Predictive Model for Scaling Integrated Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Douglas G. Bray

    (School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

  • Gaurav Nahar

    (Defiant Renewables Pvt Ltd., Chinchwad, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India)

  • Oliver Grasham

    (School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

  • Vishwanath Dalvi

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India)

  • Shailendrasingh Rajput

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India)

  • Valerie Dupont

    (School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

  • Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero

    (BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
    Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus La Nubia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170002, Colombia)

  • Andrew B. Ross

    (School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

Abstract

A novel, integrated system is proposed for the cultivation and co-digestion of the invasive macrophyte water hyacinth (WH) with cow manure (CM) for the production of biogas for cooking in rural India. This study investigates the pre-treatment approaches and performs a techno-economic analysis of producing biogas in fixeddome digesters as a replacement for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Methodologies have been developed for the cultivation of WH collected from wild plants in the Indrayani River, Pune, India. Cultivation trials were performed in 350 litre tanks using water, which was nutrient fed with CM. Cultivation trials were performed over a 3 week period, and growth rates were determined by removing and weighing the biomass at regular time intervals. Cultivation results provided typical yields and growth rates of biomass, allowing predictions to be made for cultivation scaling. Samples of cultivated WH have been co-digested with CM at a 20:80 ratio in 200 L anaerobic digesters, allowing for the prediction of bio-methane yields from fixed-dome anaerobic digesters in real world conditions, which are commonly used in the rural locations of India. A calculator has been developed, allowing us to estimate the scaling requirements for the operation of an integrated biomass cultivation and anaerobic co-digestion unit to produce an equivalent amount of biogas to replace between one and three LPG cylinders per month. A techno-economic analysis of introducing WH into fixed-dome digesters in India demonstrated that the payback periods range from 9 years to under 1 year depending on the economic strategies. To replace between one and three LPG cylinders per month using the discussed feedstock ratio, the cultivation area of WH required to produce sufficient co-feedstock ranges within 10–55 m 2 .

Suggested Citation

  • Douglas G. Bray & Gaurav Nahar & Oliver Grasham & Vishwanath Dalvi & Shailendrasingh Rajput & Valerie Dupont & Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero & Andrew B. Ross, 2022. "The Cultivation of Water Hyacinth in India as a Feedstock for Anaerobic Digestion: Development of a Predictive Model for Scaling Integrated Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9599-:d:1006825
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Raha, Debadayita & Mahanta, Pinakeswar & Clarke, Michèle L., 2014. "The implementation of decentralised biogas plants in Assam, NE India: The impact and effectiveness of the National Biogas and Manure Management Programme," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 80-91.
    2. Ciro Vasmara & Stefano Cianchetta & Rosa Marchetti & Enrico Ceotto & Stefania Galletti, 2021. "Potassium Hydroxyde Pre-Treatment Enhances Methane Yield from Giant Reed ( Arundo donax L.)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-12, January.
    3. Gould, Carlos F. & Urpelainen, Johannes, 2018. "LPG as a clean cooking fuel: Adoption, use, and impact in rural India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 395-408.
    4. Rao, P. Venkateswara & Baral, Saroj S. & Dey, Ranjan & Mutnuri, Srikanth, 2010. "Biogas generation potential by anaerobic digestion for sustainable energy development in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 2086-2094, September.
    5. Aaron E. Brown & Jessica M. M. Adams & Oliver R. Grasham & Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero & Andrew B. Ross, 2020. "An Assessment of Different Integration Strategies of Hydrothermal Carbonisation and Anaerobic Digestion of Water Hyacinth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-26, November.
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    1. Harshita Negi & Deep Chandra Suyal & Ravindra Soni & Krishna Giri & Reeta Goel, 2023. "Indian Scenario of Biomass Availability and Its Bioenergy-Conversion Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-17, August.

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