IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i19p7127-d928099.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact Analysis and Optimization of EV Charging Loads on the LV Grid: A Case Study of Workplace Parking in Tunisia

Author

Listed:
  • Lazher Mejdi

    (National School of Advanced Sciences and Technologies of Borj Cedria (ENSTAB), University of Carthage, LR16ES08 Research Laboratory of Smart Grids and Nanotechnology (LaRINa), Hammam-Chott 1164, Tunisia
    Higher National School of Engineers of Tunis (ENSIT), University of Tunis, Tunis 1008, Tunisia)

  • Faten Kardous

    (National School of Advanced Sciences and Technologies of Borj Cedria (ENSTAB), University of Carthage, LR16ES08 Research Laboratory of Smart Grids and Nanotechnology (LaRINa), Hammam-Chott 1164, Tunisia)

  • Khaled Grayaa

    (National School of Advanced Sciences and Technologies of Borj Cedria (ENSTAB), University of Carthage, LR16ES08 Research Laboratory of Smart Grids and Nanotechnology (LaRINa), Hammam-Chott 1164, Tunisia)

Abstract

With the growth of electric vehicles’ (EVs) deployment as a substitute for internal combustion engine vehicles, the impact of this kind of load on the distribution grid cannot be neglected. An in-depth study needs to be performed on a regional basis to investigate the impacts of electric vehicle (EV) charging on the grid for each country’s grid configuration and specifications, in order to be able to reduce them. In this work, we built a case study of a charging infrastructure of a Tunisian workplace parking lot, by combining different measured data and simulations using OpenDSS and Matlab. The first objective was to analyze the integration impacts on the Tunisian low-voltage (LV) grid including phase unbalance, voltage drop, harmonics, and power losses. We found that 10 metric tons of carbon dioxide ( MtCO 2 ) in yearly emissions were caused by power losses, and 50% of these emissions came from harmonic losses, which can be avoided by active and passive filtering. The second objective was to decrease phase unbalance by formulating an optimization problem and solving it by combining a genetic algorithm (GA) and a pattern search (PS) in the Matlab environment. The GA returned interesting results by balancing the phases, and the addition of PS as a hybrid function reduced the convergence speed by 38%. Moreover, the optimization led to a reduction of 83% in the neutral current maximum value, a reduction of 67% in the violation period of the voltage drop, a minimum voltage drop of 0.94 pu. and kept the total current consumption within a fixed limit. The developed model can be adapted to any similar workplace parking facility in Tunisia that is equipped with an EV charging infrastructure.

Suggested Citation

  • Lazher Mejdi & Faten Kardous & Khaled Grayaa, 2022. "Impact Analysis and Optimization of EV Charging Loads on the LV Grid: A Case Study of Workplace Parking in Tunisia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7127-:d:928099
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7127/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7127/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Francesco Lo Franco & Mattia Ricco & Riccardo Mandrioli & Gabriele Grandi, 2020. "Electric Vehicle Aggregate Power Flow Prediction and Smart Charging System for Distributed Renewable Energy Self-Consumption Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-25, September.
    2. Thompson, Andrew W. & Perez, Yannick, 2020. "Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) energy services, value streams, and regulatory policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    3. Sanchari Deb & Kari Tammi & Karuna Kalita & Pinakeshwar Mahanta, 2018. "Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Load on Distribution Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-25, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Francesco Lo Franco & Vincenzo Cirimele & Mattia Ricco & Vitor Monteiro & Joao L. Afonso & Gabriele Grandi, 2022. "Smart Charging for Electric Car-Sharing Fleets Based on Charging Duration Forecasting and Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Francesco Lo Franco & Mattia Ricco & Riccardo Mandrioli & Gabriele Grandi, 2020. "Electric Vehicle Aggregate Power Flow Prediction and Smart Charging System for Distributed Renewable Energy Self-Consumption Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-25, September.
    3. Md. Mosaraf Hossain Khan & Amran Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & S. M. Shahnewaz Siddiquee & M. Shafiul Alam & Taskin Jamal & Hafiz Ahmed, 2021. "Integration of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles into Utility Grid: An Efficient Approach for Impact Analysis and Power Quality Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Tuğba Yeğin & Muhammad Ikram, 2022. "Analysis of Consumers’ Electric Vehicle Purchase Intentions: An Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-27, September.
    5. Agbotiname Lucky Imoize & Hope Ikoghene Obakhena & Francis Ifeanyi Anyasi & Samarendra Nath Sur, 2022. "A Review of Energy Efficiency and Power Control Schemes in Ultra-Dense Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems for Sustainable 6G Wireless Communication," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-38, September.
    6. Yian Yan & Huang Wang & Jiuchun Jiang & Weige Zhang & Yan Bao & Mei Huang, 2019. "Research on Configuration Methods of Battery Energy Storage System for Pure Electric Bus Fast Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
    7. Paulo M. De Oliveira-De Jesus & Mario A. Rios & Gustavo A. Ramos, 2018. "Energy Loss Allocation in Smart Distribution Systems with Electric Vehicle Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-19, July.
    8. Lind, Leandro & Chaves-Ávila, José Pablo & Valarezo, Orlando & Sanjab, Anibal & Olmos, Luis, 2024. "Baseline methods for distributed flexibility in power systems considering resource, market, and product characteristics," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    9. Julie Waldron & Lucelia Rodrigues & Sanchari Deb & Mark Gillott & Sophie Naylor & Chris Rimmer, 2024. "Exploring Opportunities for Vehicle-to-Grid Implementation through Demonstration Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-27, March.
    10. Mayank Jha & Frede Blaabjerg & Mohammed Ali Khan & Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru & Ahteshamul Haque, 2019. "Intelligent Control of Converter for Electric Vehicles Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-25, June.
    11. Thangaraj Yuvaraj & Thirukoilur Dhandapani Suresh & Arokiasamy Ananthi Christy & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Benedetto Nastasi, 2023. "Modelling and Allocation of Hydrogen-Fuel-Cell-Based Distributed Generation to Mitigate Electric Vehicle Charging Station Impact and Reliability Analysis on Electrical Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-31, September.
    12. K. Habibul Kabir & Shafquat Yasar Aurko & Md. Saifur Rahman, 2021. "Smart Power Management in OIC Countries: A Critical Overview Using SWOT-AHP and Hybrid MCDM Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-50, October.
    13. Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk & Leszek Jarzebowicz & Roman Hrbáč, 2022. "Application of Traction Supply System for Charging Electric Cars," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, February.
    14. Hadi Suyono & Mir Toufikur Rahman & Hazlie Mokhlis & Mohamadariff Othman & Hazlee Azil Illias & Hasmaini Mohamad, 2019. "Optimal Scheduling of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging Including Time-of-Use Tariff to Minimize Cost and System Stress," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-21, April.
    15. Krzysztof Zagrajek & Mariusz Kłos & Desire D. Rasolomampionona & Mirosław Lewandowski & Karol Pawlak, 2023. "The Novel Approach of Using Electric Vehicles as a Resource to Mitigate the Negative Effects of Power Rationing on Non-Residential Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-36, December.
    16. Ahmed Ismail M. Ali & Mahmoud A. Sayed & Ahmed A. S. Mohamed, 2021. "Seven-Level Inverter with Reduced Switches for PV System Supporting Home-Grid and EV Charger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-23, May.
    17. Freitas Gomes, Icaro Silvestre & Perez, Yannick & Suomalainen, Emilia, 2021. "Rate design with distributed energy resources and electric vehicles: A Californian case study," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    18. García-Afonso, Óscar & González-Díaz, Benjamín, 2023. "Effectiveness of zero tailpipe vehicles to reduce CO2 emissions in isolated power systems, a realistic perspective: Tenerife Island test case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    19. David Borge-Diez & Pedro Miguel Ortega-Cabezas & Antonio Colmenar-Santos & Jorge Juan Blanes-Peiró, 2021. "Contribution of Driving Efficiency to Vehicle-to-Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-30, June.
    20. Pampa Sinha & Kaushik Paul & Sanchari Deb & Sulabh Sachan, 2023. "Comprehensive Review Based on the Impact of Integrating Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources to the Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-39, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7127-:d:928099. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.