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Safety Assessment for External Short Circuit of Li-Ion Battery in ESS Application Based on Operation and Environment Factors

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  • Jae-Beom Jung

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology & Education (KUT), Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
    Korea Testing Laboratory, 112 Jiksanro, Seobukgu, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea)

  • Min-Gyu Lim

    (Korea Testing Laboratory, 112 Jiksanro, Seobukgu, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea)

  • Jin-Yong Kim

    (Korea Testing Laboratory, 112 Jiksanro, Seobukgu, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea)

  • Byeong-Gill Han

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology & Education (KUT), Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea)

  • ByungKi Kim

    (Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200, Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si 63357, Jeju-do, Korea)

  • Dae-Seok Rho

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology & Education (KUT), Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea)

Abstract

In recent years, the demand for medium and large secondary batteries in EV (electric vehicle) and ESS (energy storage systems) applications has been rapidly increasing worldwide, and accordingly, the market size is increasing exponentially. However, the recent fire accidents related to secondary batteries for EVs and ESS are having a negative impact on the battery market. Therefore, this paper implements an accident simulation device to perform an external short-circuit test, one of the typical safety tests for NMC-series prismatic and pouch-type batteries that are widely used among battery cells used in medium and large secondary batteries. The implemented accident simulation device for the external short-circuit test is composed of short-circuit resistance, measuring device, control device, etc., and is configured to analyze external short-circuit characteristics according to various test conditions. Based on this, an external short-circuit test according to the type, short-circuit resistance and SOC (states of charge) of the lithium-ion battery was performed to confirm the current and temperature characteristics according to each condition. As a result of performing an external short-circuit test for each protection device in the battery module and preprocessing temperature, it is certain that the module fuse operates over 120 times faster than the cell fuse based on the same SOC conditions, and the quantity of electric charge in the module fuse is over 110 times smaller than of the cell fuse in the case of a short-circuit fault. It is also found that the highest and lowest preprocessing temperatures are considered to be severe conditions. Based on the proposed mechanism of an external short circuit in a Li-ion battery and the test device for the external short circuit, it is confirmed that this paper can contribute to the safety assessment of Li-ion battery-based ESS.

Suggested Citation

  • Jae-Beom Jung & Min-Gyu Lim & Jin-Yong Kim & Byeong-Gill Han & ByungKi Kim & Dae-Seok Rho, 2022. "Safety Assessment for External Short Circuit of Li-Ion Battery in ESS Application Based on Operation and Environment Factors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:5052-:d:860483
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Zeyu & Xiong, Rui & Lu, Jiahuan & Li, Xinggang, 2018. "Temperature rise prediction of lithium-ion battery suffering external short circuit for all-climate electric vehicles application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 375-383.
    2. Zhenhai Gao & Xiaoting Zhang & Yang Xiao & Hao Gao & Huiyuan Wang & Changhao Piao, 2019. "Influence of Low-Temperature Charge on the Mechanical Integrity Behavior of 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Subject to Lateral Compression," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, February.
    3. Holger C. Hesse & Michael Schimpe & Daniel Kucevic & Andreas Jossen, 2017. "Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-42, December.
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