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Energy Consumption in a Distributional Warehouse: A Practical Case Study for Different Warehouse Technologies

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  • Konrad Lewczuk

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Michał Kłodawski

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Paweł Gepner

    (Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Energy consumption by distribution warehouses has become an essential component of green warehousing and research on reducing the carbon footprint of supply chains. Energy consumption in warehousing is a complex and multilayered problem, which is generally considered in the literature in relation to its detailed components, not as part of comparative studies. In this article, the authors consider six cross-sectional variants of warehouse technology, from manual to fully automatic, and analyze the energy consumption of a warehouse in various configurations. A methodology for estimating storage space and determining energy consumption is proposed. The energy balance of the warehouse variants includes energy for material handling equipment operation, energy consumption for building maintenance (heating, cooling, lighting, etc.), and energy generated by the photovoltaic system on the roof. Then, the operational costs of the variants are estimated and, on their basis, an automation index is determined. The index allows for a comparative analysis of energy consumption and the mechanization and automation of a warehouse. It is shown that a significant part of the energy is spent on maintaining a warehouse building, especially in the case of facilities with a low degree of automation.

Suggested Citation

  • Konrad Lewczuk & Michał Kłodawski & Paweł Gepner, 2021. "Energy Consumption in a Distributional Warehouse: A Practical Case Study for Different Warehouse Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-25, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2709-:d:550945
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    Cited by:

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    6. Jacek Paś, 2023. "Issues Related to Power Supply Reliability in Integrated Electronic Security Systems Operated in Buildings and Vast Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-22, April.
    7. Valentin Carlan & David Ceulemans & Edwin Hassel & Stijn Derammelaere & Thierry Vanelslander, 2023. "Automation in cargo loading/unloading processes: do unmanned loading technologies bring benefits when both purchase and operational cost are considered?," Journal of Shipping and Trade, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-25, December.
    8. Mohammed Alnahhal & Bashir Salah & Rafiq Ahmad, 2022. "Increasing Throughput in Warehouses: The Effect of Storage Reallocation and the Location of Input/Output Station," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-16, April.
    9. Martin Johannes du Plessis & Joubert van Eeden & Leila Louise Goedhals-Gerber, 2022. "The Carbon Footprint of Fruit Storage: A Case Study of the Energy and Emission Intensity of Cold Stores," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-22, June.

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