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Observation of the Main Natural Parameters Influencing the Formation of Gas Hydrates

Author

Listed:
  • Alberto Maria Gambelli

    (Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Umberta Tinivella

    (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale—OGS, Borgo Grotta Gigante 42C, 34010 Trieste, Italy)

  • Rita Giovannetti

    (Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy)

  • Beatrice Castellani

    (Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Michela Giustiniani

    (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale—OGS, Borgo Grotta Gigante 42C, 34010 Trieste, Italy)

  • Andrea Rossi

    (Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy)

  • Marco Zannotti

    (Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy)

  • Federico Rossi

    (Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy)

Abstract

Chemical composition in seawater of marine sediments, as well as the physical properties and chemical composition of soils, influence the phase behavior of natural gas hydrate by disturbing the hydrogen bond network in the water-rich phase before hydrate formation. In this article, some marine sediments samples, collected in National Antarctic Museum in Trieste, were analyzed and properties such as pH, conductivity, salinity, and concentration of main elements of water present in the sediments are reported. The results, obtained by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) analysis, show that the more abundant cation is sodium and, present in smaller quantities, but not negligible, are calcium, potassium, and magnesium, while the more abundant anion is chloride and sulfate is also appreciable. These results were successively used to determine the thermodynamic parameters and the effect on salinity of water on hydrates’ formation. Then, hydrate formation was experimentally tested using a small-scale apparatus, in the presence of two different porous media: a pure silica sand and a silica-based natural sand, coming from the Mediterranean seafloor. The results proved how the presence of further compounds, rather than silicon, as well as the heterogeneous grainsize and porosity, made this sand a weak thermodynamic and a strong kinetic inhibitor for the hydrate formation process.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Maria Gambelli & Umberta Tinivella & Rita Giovannetti & Beatrice Castellani & Michela Giustiniani & Andrea Rossi & Marco Zannotti & Federico Rossi, 2021. "Observation of the Main Natural Parameters Influencing the Formation of Gas Hydrates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:7:p:1803-:d:523223
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fatima Doria Benmesbah & Livio Ruffine & Pascal Clain & Véronique Osswald & Olivia Fandino & Laurence Fournaison & Anthony Delahaye, 2020. "Methane Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in Sand Media: Effect of Water Saturation, Gas Flowrate and Particle Size," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Sha Song & Umberta Tinivella & Michela Giustiniani & Sunny Singhroha & Stefan Bünz & Giorgio Cassiani, 2018. "OBS Data Analysis to Quantify Gas Hydrate and Free Gas in the South Shetland Margin (Antarctica)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-16, November.
    3. E. Dendy Sloan, 2003. "Fundamental principles and applications of natural gas hydrates," Nature, Nature, vol. 426(6964), pages 353-359, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alberto Maria Gambelli & Mirko Filipponi & Federico Rossi, 2022. "Sequential Formation of CO 2 Hydrates in a Confined Environment: Description of Phase Equilibrium Boundary, Gas Consumption, Formation Rate and Memory Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Omar Bamaga & Iqbal Ahmed & Asim M. Wafiyah & Mohammed Albeirutty & Hani Abulkhair & Amer Shaiban & Praveen Linga, 2022. "Studies on Methane Gas Hydrate Formation Kinetics Enhanced by Isopentane and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Promoters for Seawater Desalination," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Alberto Maria Gambelli & Federico Rossi & Franco Cotana, 2022. "Gas Hydrates as High-Efficiency Storage System: Perspectives and Potentialities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Qi Nie & Meiqiu Li & Sizhu Zhou, 2022. "Structural Parameter Optimization of the Helical Blade of the Variable-Pitch, Downhole, Cyclone Separator Based on the Response Surface Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-15, September.

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