IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i5p1387-d509720.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Methodology for the Enhancement of the Energy Flexibility and Contingency Response of a Building through Predictive Control of Passive and Active Storage

Author

Listed:
  • Jennifer Date

    (Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada)

  • José A. Candanedo

    (Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
    CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada)

  • Andreas K. Athienitis

    (Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada)

Abstract

Optimal management of thermal energy storage in a building is essential to provide predictable energy flexibility to a smart grid. Active technologies such as Electric Thermal Storage (ETS) can assist in building heating load management and can complement the building’s passive thermal storage capacity. The presented paper outlines a methodology that utilizes the concept of Building Energy Flexibility Index (BEFI) and shows that implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) with dedicated thermal storage can provide predictable energy flexibility to the grid during critical times. When the utility notifies the customer 12 h before a Demand Response (DR) event, a BEFI up to 65 kW (100% reduction) can be achieved. A dynamic rate structure as the objective function is shown to be successful in reducing the peak demand, while a greater reduction in energy consumption in a 24-hour period is seen with a rate structure with a demand charge. Contingency reserve participation was also studied and strategies included reducing the zone temperature setpoint by 2 ∘ C for 3 h or using the stored thermal energy by discharging the device for 3 h. Favourable results were found for both options, where a BEFI of up to 47 kW (96%) is achieved. The proposed methodology for modeling and evaluation of control strategies is suitable for other similar convectively conditioned buildings equipped with active and passive storage.

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer Date & José A. Candanedo & Andreas K. Athienitis, 2021. "A Methodology for the Enhancement of the Energy Flexibility and Contingency Response of a Building through Predictive Control of Passive and Active Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-28, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1387-:d:509720
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1387/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1387/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Perera, D.W.U. & Winkler, D. & Skeie, N.-O., 2016. "Multi-floor building heating models in MATLAB and Modelica environments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 46-57.
    2. Patteeuw, Dieter & Henze, Gregor P. & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "Comparison of load shifting incentives for low-energy buildings with heat pumps to attain grid flexibility benefits," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 80-92.
    3. Le Dréau, J. & Heiselberg, P., 2016. "Energy flexibility of residential buildings using short term heat storage in the thermal mass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 991-1002.
    4. Hurtado, L.A. & Rhodes, J.D. & Nguyen, P.H. & Kamphuis, I.G. & Webber, M.E., 2017. "Quantifying demand flexibility based on structural thermal storage and comfort management of non-residential buildings: A comparison between hot and cold climate zones," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1047-1054.
    5. Liu, Mingzhe & Heiselberg, Per, 2019. "Energy flexibility of a nearly zero-energy building with weather predictive control on a convective building energy system and evaluated with different metrics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 764-775.
    6. Junker, Rune Grønborg & Azar, Armin Ghasem & Lopes, Rui Amaral & Lindberg, Karen Byskov & Reynders, Glenn & Relan, Rishi & Madsen, Henrik, 2018. "Characterizing the energy flexibility of buildings and districts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 175-182.
    7. Reynders, Glenn & Diriken, Jan & Saelens, Dirk, 2017. "Generic characterization method for energy flexibility: Applied to structural thermal storage in residential buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 192-202.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Han & Johra, Hicham & de Andrade Pereira, Flavia & Hong, Tianzhen & Le Dréau, Jérôme & Maturo, Anthony & Wei, Mingjun & Liu, Yapan & Saberi-Derakhtenjani, Ali & Nagy, Zoltan & Marszal-Pomianowska,, 2023. "Data-driven key performance indicators and datasets for building energy flexibility: A review and perspectives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    2. Bampoulas, Adamantios & Pallonetto, Fabiano & Mangina, Eleni & Finn, Donal P., 2023. "A Bayesian deep-learning framework for assessing the energy flexibility of residential buildings with multicomponent energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Han & Johra, Hicham & de Andrade Pereira, Flavia & Hong, Tianzhen & Le Dréau, Jérôme & Maturo, Anthony & Wei, Mingjun & Liu, Yapan & Saberi-Derakhtenjani, Ali & Nagy, Zoltan & Marszal-Pomianowska,, 2023. "Data-driven key performance indicators and datasets for building energy flexibility: A review and perspectives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    2. Tang, Hong & Wang, Shengwei & Li, Hangxin, 2021. "Flexibility categorization, sources, capabilities and technologies for energy-flexible and grid-responsive buildings: State-of-the-art and future perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    3. Liu, Mingzhe & Heiselberg, Per, 2019. "Energy flexibility of a nearly zero-energy building with weather predictive control on a convective building energy system and evaluated with different metrics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 764-775.
    4. Silvia Erba & Lorenzo Pagliano, 2021. "Combining Sufficiency, Efficiency and Flexibility to Achieve Positive Energy Districts Targets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-32, August.
    5. Chen, Yongbao & Chen, Zhe & Xu, Peng & Li, Weilin & Sha, Huajing & Yang, Zhiwei & Li, Guowen & Hu, Chonghe, 2019. "Quantification of electricity flexibility in demand response: Office building case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    6. Finck, Christian & Li, Rongling & Zeiler, Wim, 2020. "Optimal control of demand flexibility under real-time pricing for heating systems in buildings: A real-life demonstration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    7. Gallardo, Andres & Berardi, Umberto, 2022. "Evaluation of the energy flexibility potential of radiant ceiling panels with thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    8. Heidenthaler, Daniel & Leeb, Markus & Schnabel, Thomas & Huber, Hermann, 2021. "Comparative analysis of thermally activated building systems in wooden and concrete structures regarding functionality and energy storage on a simulation-based approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    9. Bampoulas, Adamantios & Pallonetto, Fabiano & Mangina, Eleni & Finn, Donal P., 2022. "An ensemble learning-based framework for assessing the energy flexibility of residential buildings with multicomponent energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    10. Finck, Christian & Li, Rongling & Zeiler, Wim, 2019. "Economic model predictive control for demand flexibility of a residential building," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 365-379.
    11. Arteconi, Alessia & Mugnini, Alice & Polonara, Fabio, 2019. "Energy flexible buildings: A methodology for rating the flexibility performance of buildings with electric heating and cooling systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    12. Pallonetto, Fabiano & De Rosa, Mattia & D’Ettorre, Francesco & Finn, Donal P., 2020. "On the assessment and control optimisation of demand response programs in residential buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    13. Bampoulas, Adamantios & Saffari, Mohammad & Pallonetto, Fabiano & Mangina, Eleni & Finn, Donal P., 2021. "A fundamental unified framework to quantify and characterise energy flexibility of residential buildings with multiple electrical and thermal energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    14. Zhou, Yuekuan & Zheng, Siqian, 2020. "Machine-learning based hybrid demand-side controller for high-rise office buildings with high energy flexibilities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    15. Dmytro Romanchenko & Emil Nyholm & Mikael Odenberger & Filip Johnsson, 2019. "Flexibility Potential of Space Heating Demand Response in Buildings for District Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-23, July.
    16. Guo, Yurun & Wang, Shugang & Wang, Jihong & Zhang, Tengfei & Ma, Zhenjun & Jiang, Shuang, 2024. "Key district heating technologies for building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    17. Amadeh, Ali & Lee, Zachary E. & Zhang, K. Max, 2022. "Quantifying demand flexibility of building energy systems under uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    18. Finck, Christian & Li, Rongling & Kramer, Rick & Zeiler, Wim, 2018. "Quantifying demand flexibility of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in the control of building heating systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 409-425.
    19. Zou, Wenke & Sun, Yongjun & Gao, Dian-ce & Zhang, Xu & Liu, Junyao, 2023. "A review on integration of surging plug-in electric vehicles charging in energy-flexible buildings: Impacts analysis, collaborative management technologies, and future perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    20. Junker, Rune Grønborg & Azar, Armin Ghasem & Lopes, Rui Amaral & Lindberg, Karen Byskov & Reynders, Glenn & Relan, Rishi & Madsen, Henrik, 2018. "Characterizing the energy flexibility of buildings and districts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 175-182.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1387-:d:509720. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.