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Impact of Window to Wall Ratio on Energy Loads in Hot Regions: A Study of Building Energy Performance

Author

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  • Mamdooh Alwetaishi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. BOX 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Omrane Benjeddou

    (Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
    University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Civil Engineering Laboratory, BP 37, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia)

Abstract

The concern regarding local responsive building design has gained more attention globally as of late. This is due to the issue of the rapid increase in energy consumption in buildings for the purpose of heating and cooling. This has become a crucial issue in educational buildings and especially in schools. The major issue in school buildings in Saudi Arabia is that they are a form of prototype school building design (PSBD). As a result, if there is any concern in the design stage and in relation to the selection of building materials, this will spread throughout the region. In addition to that, the design is repeated regardless of the climate variation within the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research will focus on the influence of the window to wall ratio on the energy load in various orientations and different climatic regions. The research will use the energy computer tool TAS Environmental Design Solution Limited (EDSL) to calculate the energy load as well as solar gain. During the visit to the sample schools, a globe thermometer will be used to monitor the globe temperature in the classrooms. This research introduces a framework to assist architects and engineers in selecting the proper window to wall ratio (WWR) in each direction within the same building based on adequate natural light with a minimum reliance on energy load. For ultimate WWR for energy performance and daylight, the WWR should range from 20% to 30%, depending on orientation, in order to provide the optimal daylight factor combined with building energy efficiency. This ratio can be slightly greater in higher altitude locations.

Suggested Citation

  • Mamdooh Alwetaishi & Omrane Benjeddou, 2021. "Impact of Window to Wall Ratio on Energy Loads in Hot Regions: A Study of Building Energy Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1080-:d:501552
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Mohamed H. Elnabawi, 2021. "Evaluating the Impact of Energy Efficiency Building Codes for Residential Buildings in the GCC," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Georgios E. Arnaoutakis & Dimitris A. Katsaprakakis, 2021. "Energy Performance of Buildings with Thermochromic Windows in Mediterranean Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Jiayu Li & Bohong Zheng & Komi Bernard Bedra & Zhe Li & Xiao Chen, 2021. "Evaluating the Effect of Window-to-Wall Ratios on Cooling-Energy Demand on a Typical Summer Day," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-13, August.
    4. Hooman Mehdizadeh-Rad & Taimoor Ahmad Choudhry & Anne W. M. Ng & Zohreh Rajabi & Muhammad Farooq Rais & Asad Zia & Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, 2022. "An Energy Performance Evaluation of Commercially Available Window Glazing in Darwin’s Tropical Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, February.

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