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A Distributed Hierarchical Control Framework for Economic Dispatch and Frequency Regulation of Autonomous AC Microgrids

Author

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  • Shafaat Ullah

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
    Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Bannu Campus, Bannu 28100, Pakistan)

  • Laiq Khan

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

  • Irfan Sami

    (School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea)

  • Ghulam Hafeez

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
    Center for Renewable Energy, Government Advance Technical Training Center, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan)

  • Fahad R. Albogamy

    (Computer Sciences Program, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Motivated by the single point of failure and other drawbacks of the conventional centralized hierarchical control strategy, in this paper, a fully distributed hierarchical control framework is formulated for autonomous AC microgrids. The proposed control strategy operates with a distinct three-layer structure, where: a conventional droop control is adopted at the primary layer; a distributed leaderless consensus-based control is adopted at the secondary layer for active power and, hence, frequency regulation of distributed generating units (DGUs); and the tertiary layer is also based on the distributed leaderless consensus-based control for the optimal power dispatch. Under the proposed strategy, the three constituent control layers work in a coordinated manner. Not only is the load dispatched economically with a negligible power mismatch, but also the frequencies of all the DGUs are regulated to the reference value. However, the frequency regulation is achieved without requiring any central leader agent that has been reported in the contemporary distributed control articles. As compared to the conventional centralized hierarchical control, the proposed strategy only needs local inter-agent interaction with a sparse communication network; thus, it is fully distributed. The formulated strategy is tested under load perturbations, on an autonomous AC microgrid testbed comprising both low-inertia-type (inverter-interfaced) and high-inertia (rotating)-type DGUs with heterogeneous dynamics, and found to successfully meet its targets. Furthermore, it can offer the plug-and-play operation for the DGUs. Theoretical analysis and substantial simulation results, performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, are provided to validate the feasibility of the proposed control framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Shafaat Ullah & Laiq Khan & Irfan Sami & Ghulam Hafeez & Fahad R. Albogamy, 2021. "A Distributed Hierarchical Control Framework for Economic Dispatch and Frequency Regulation of Autonomous AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8408-:d:701476
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shafaat Ullah & Laiq Khan & Rabiah Badar & Ameen Ullah & Fazal Wahab Karam & Zain Ahmad Khan & Atiq Ur Rehman, 2020. "Consensus based SoC trajectory tracking control design for economic-dispatched distributed battery energy storage system," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-44, May.
    2. Zongyu Zuo & Lin Tie, 2016. "Distributed robust finite-time nonlinear consensus protocols for multi-agent systems," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(6), pages 1366-1375, April.
    3. Shafaat Ullah & Laiq Khan & Mohsin Jamil & Muhammad Jafar & Sidra Mumtaz & Saghir Ahmad, 2021. "A Finite-Time Robust Distributed Cooperative Secondary Control Protocol for Droop-Based Islanded AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-26, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Romain Mannini & Julien Eynard & Stéphane Grieu, 2022. "A Survey of Recent Advances in the Smart Management of Microgrids and Networked Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-37, September.
    2. Farhad Amiri & Mohsen Eskandari & Mohammad Hassan Moradi, 2023. "Virtual Inertia Control in Autonomous Microgrids via a Cascaded Controller for Battery Energy Storage Optimized by Firefly Algorithm and a Comparison Study with GA, PSO, ABC, and GWO," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-22, September.
    3. Boyang Huang & Yong Xiao & Xin Jin & Junhao Feng & Xin Li & Li Ding, 2022. "A Novel Dynamic Event-Triggered Mechanism for Distributed Secondary Control in Islanded AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-12, September.

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