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Comparison of AC and DC Nanogrid for Office Buildings with EV Charging, PV and Battery Storage

Author

Listed:
  • Ilman Sulaeman

    (Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli

    (Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Aditya Shekhar

    (Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Pavol Bauer

    (Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Future office buildings are expected to be integrated with energy intensive, inherently DC components such as photovoltaic panels (PV), electric vehicles (EV), LED lighting, and battery storage. This paper conceptualizes the interconnection of these components through a 750 V DC nanogrid as against a conventional three-phase 400 V AC system. The factors influencing the performance of a DC-based nanogrid are identified and a comparative analysis with respect to a conventional AC nanogrid is presented in terms of efficiency, stability, and protection. It is proved how the minimization of grid energy exchange through power management is a vital system design choice. Secondly, the trade-off between stability, protection, and cost for sizing of the DC buffer capacitors is explored. The transient system response to different fault conditions for both AC and DC nanogrid is investigated. Finally the differences between the two systems in terms of various safety aspects are highlighted.

Suggested Citation

  • Ilman Sulaeman & Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli & Aditya Shekhar & Pavol Bauer, 2021. "Comparison of AC and DC Nanogrid for Office Buildings with EV Charging, PV and Battery Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5800-:d:635213
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Venugopal, Prasanth & Shekhar, Aditya & Visser, Erwin & Scheele, Natalia & Chandra Mouli, Gautham Ram & Bauer, Pavol & Silvester, Sacha, 2018. "Roadway to self-healing highways with integrated wireless electric vehicle charging and sustainable energy harvesting technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1226-1239.
    2. Yang, Yuqing & Bremner, Stephen & Menictas, Chris & Kay, Merlinde, 2018. "Battery energy storage system size determination in renewable energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 109-125.
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    7. Aditya Shekhar & Venugopal Prasanth & Pavol Bauer & Mark Bolech, 2016. "Economic Viability Study of an On-Road Wireless Charging System with a Generic Driving Range Estimation Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-20, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ali Jawad Alrubaie & Mohamed Salem & Khalid Yahya & Mahmoud Mohamed & Mohamad Kamarol, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Solar Photovoltaic System Considering Market, Technical Requirements, Network Implications, and Future Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Saeed Habibi & Ramin Rahimi & Mehdi Ferdowsi & Pourya Shamsi, 2021. "DC Bus Voltage Selection for a Grid-Connected Low-Voltage DC Residential Nanogrid Using Real Data with Modified Load Profiles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Tadeusz Olejarz & Dominika Siwiec & Andrzej Pacana, 2022. "Method of Qualitative–Environmental Choice of Devices Converting Green Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Kenji Araki & Yasuyuki Ota & Anju Maeda & Minoru Kumano & Kensuke Nishioka, 2023. "Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-25, April.

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