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Investigation on transient behaviours of a uni-grounded low-voltage AC microgrid and evaluation on its available fault protection methods: Review and proposals

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  • Bui, Duong Minh
  • Chen, Shi-Lin
  • Lien, Keng-Yu
  • Chang, Yung-Ruei
  • Lee, Yih-Der
  • Jiang, Jheng-Lun

Abstract

In a general microgrid (MG), a step-up distribution transformer is used to facilitate integration of the low-voltage (LV) AC microgrid into a medium-voltage distribution system. On the other hand, isolation transformers are placed between distributed energy resources (DERs) (e.g. non-renewable/renewable energy resources and energy storage devices) and common AC buses/lines to eliminate DC-current components and to configure 3-phase & 4-wire, 3-phase & 3-wire, 1-phase & 2-wire, or 1-phase & 3-wire AC microgrids. When all neutral points of isolation transformers are grounded through a unique grounding system of the step-up distribution transformer, a uni-grounded AC microgrid structure is configured. This paper not only mentions advantages and shortcomings of the uni-grounded LVAC microgrid operation, but also investigates its transient operation characteristics. Transient simulation results of the uni-grounded LVAC MG are surveyed through various fault situations and operation transition tests between the grid-connected mode and the islanded mode of the microgrid. Available fault protection methods of a uni-grounded LVAC microgrid are considered. Transient simulation results from PSCAD software are used to validate the fault protection solutions developed for the uni-grounded LVAC microgrid. Last, a generalised fault protection system of uni-grounded LVAC microgrids is proposed in the paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Bui, Duong Minh & Chen, Shi-Lin & Lien, Keng-Yu & Chang, Yung-Ruei & Lee, Yih-Der & Jiang, Jheng-Lun, 2017. "Investigation on transient behaviours of a uni-grounded low-voltage AC microgrid and evaluation on its available fault protection methods: Review and proposals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1417-1452.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:75:y:2017:i:c:p:1417-1452
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.134
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    2. Patnaik, Bhaskar & Mishra, Manohar & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Jena, Ranjan Kumar, 2020. "AC microgrid protection – A review: Current and future prospective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    3. Ghanbari, T. & Farjah, E. & Naseri, F. & Tashakor, N. & Givi, H. & Khayam, R., 2018. "Solid-State Capacitor Switching Transient Limiter based on Kalman Filter algorithm for mitigation of capacitor bank switching transients," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 1069-1081.
    4. Trianni, Andrea & Cagno, Enrico & Accordini, Davide, 2019. "Energy efficiency measures in electric motors systems: A novel classification highlighting specific implications in their adoption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.

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