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Energetic Value of Elymus elongatus L. and Zea mays L. Grown on Soil Polluted with Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Sensitivity of Rhizospheric Bacteria to Heavy Metals

Author

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  • Edyta Boros-Lajszner

    (Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Jadwiga Wyszkowska

    (Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Agata Borowik

    (Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Jan Kucharski

    (Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

Plants, and microorganisms associated with them, offer an effective tool for removing pollutants, such as heavy metals, from the soil environment. The aim of this study was to determine changes caused by Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , and Cd 2+ in the genetic diversity of soil-populating bacteria and the effect these heavy metals on the heating value of elongated coach grass ( Elymus elongatus L.) and maize ( Zea mays L.). Microorganisms support plants in removing heavy metals from soil. These plants can then be used for energetic purposes. The study aim was accomplished by determining counts of microorganisms and their resistance (RS) to Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , their colony development index (CD), ecophysiological diversity index (EP), and diversity established with the next generation sequencing (NGS) method. Further analyses aimed to establish test plants resistance to pollution with heavy metals and their heating value. Organotrophic bacteria turned out to be the most resistant to Co 2+ , whereas actinobacteria—to Cd 2+ effects. At all taxonomic levels, the genetic diversity of bacteria was most adversely influenced by Cd 2+ in the soil sown with Zea mays L. Bacteria belonging to Arthrobacter , Rhodoplanes , Kaistobacter , Devosia , Phycicoccus , and Thermomonas genera showed high tolerance to soil pollution with Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , and Cd 2+ , hence they should be perceived as potential sources of microorganisms useful for bioaugmentation of soils polluted with these heavy metals. Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , and Cd 2+ had no effect on the heating value of Elymus elongatus L. and Zea mays L. The heating value of 1 kg of air-dry biomass of the tested plants was relatively high and ranged from 14.6 to 15.1 MJ. Elymus elongatus L. proved more useful in phytoremediation than Zea mays L.

Suggested Citation

  • Edyta Boros-Lajszner & Jadwiga Wyszkowska & Agata Borowik & Jan Kucharski, 2021. "Energetic Value of Elymus elongatus L. and Zea mays L. Grown on Soil Polluted with Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Sensitivity of Rhizospheric Bacteria to Heavy Metals," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:16:p:4903-:d:612448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pierre-Luc Lizotte & Philippe Savoie & Alain De Champlain, 2015. "Ash Content and Calorific Energy of Corn Stover Components in Eastern Canada," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-12, May.
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    1. Jadwiga Wyszkowska & Edyta Boros-Lajszner & Jan Kucharski, 2022. "Calorific Value of Festuca rubra Biomass in the Phytostabilization of Soil Contaminated with Nickel, Cobalt and Cadmium Which Disrupt the Microbiological and Biochemical Properties of Soil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Hwai Chyuan Ong & Adi Kusmayadi & Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, 2023. "Biomass Energy for Environmental Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-3, March.
    3. Jadwiga Wyszkowska & Edyta Boros-Lajszner & Agata Borowik & Jan Kucharski, 2022. "The Role of Cellulose in Microbial Diversity Changes in the Soil Contaminated with Cadmium," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-28, October.
    4. Jadwiga Wyszkowska & Agata Borowik & Magdalena Zaborowska & Jan Kucharski, 2023. "Calorific Value of Zea mays Biomass Derived from Soil Contaminated with Chromium (VI) Disrupting the Soil’s Biochemical Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-19, April.

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