IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i11p3221-d566434.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion

Author

Listed:
  • Toheed Ghandriz

    (Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Division of Vehicle Engineering and Autonomous Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Bengt Jacobson

    (Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Division of Vehicle Engineering and Autonomous Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Manjurul Islam

    (Volvo Autonomous Solutions, SE-40508 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Jonas Hellgren

    (Volvo Autonomous Solutions, SE-40508 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Leo Laine

    (Volvo Group Trucks Technology, SE-40508 Gothenburg, Sweden)

Abstract

Commercial-vehicle manufacturers design vehicles to operate over a wide range of transportation tasks and driving cycles. However, certain possibilities of reducing emissions, manufacturing and operational costs from end vehicles are neglected if the target range of transportation tasks is narrow and known in advance, especially in case of electrified propulsion. Apart from real-time energy optimization, vehicle hardware can be meticulously tailored to best fit a known transportation task. As proposed in this study, a heterogeneous fleet of heavy-vehicles can be designed in a more cost- and energy-efficient manner, if the coupling between vehicle hardware, transportation mission, and infrastructure is considered during initial conceptual-design stages. To this end, a rather large optimization problem was defined and solved to minimize the total cost of fleet ownership in an integrated manner for a real-world case study. In the said case-study, design variables of optimization problem included mission, recharging infrastructure, loading–unloading scheme, number of vehicles of each type, number of trips, vehicle-loading capacity, selection between conventional, fully electric, and hybrid powertrains, size of internal-combustion engines and electric motors, number of axles being powered, and type and size of battery packs. This study demonstrated that by means of integrated fleet customization, battery-electric heavy-vehicles could strongly compete against their conventional combustion-powered counterparts. The primary focus has been put on optimizing vehicle propulsion, transport mission, infrastructure and fleet size rather than routing.

Suggested Citation

  • Toheed Ghandriz & Bengt Jacobson & Manjurul Islam & Jonas Hellgren & Leo Laine, 2021. "Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-43, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3221-:d:566434
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3221/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3221/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arslan, Okan & Karaşan, Oya Ekin, 2016. "A Benders decomposition approach for the charging station location problem with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 670-695.
    2. Roso, Violeta & Woxenius, Johan & Lumsden, Kenth, 2009. "The dry port concept: connecting container seaports with the hinterland," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 338-345.
    3. Koç, Çağrı & Bektaş, Tolga & Jabali, Ola & Laporte, Gilbert, 2014. "The fleet size and mix pollution-routing problem," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 239-254.
    4. Taefi, Tessa T. & Kreutzfeldt, Jochen & Held, Tobias & Fink, Andreas, 2016. "Supporting the adoption of electric vehicles in urban road freight transport – A multi-criteria analysis of policy measures in Germany," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 61-79.
    5. Demir, Emrah & Bektaş, Tolga & Laporte, Gilbert, 2014. "A review of recent research on green road freight transportation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 237(3), pages 775-793.
    6. Herbert Kopfer & Benedikt Vornhusen, 2019. "Energy vehicle routing problem for differently sized and powered vehicles," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 89(7), pages 793-821, September.
    7. Guy Desaulniers & Fausto Errico & Stefan Irnich & Michael Schneider, 2016. "Exact Algorithms for Electric Vehicle-Routing Problems with Time Windows," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 64(6), pages 1388-1405, December.
    8. Shepherd, Simon & Bonsall, Peter & Harrison, Gillian, 2012. "Factors affecting future demand for electric vehicles: A model based study," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 62-74.
    9. Koç, Çağrı & Bektaş, Tolga & Jabali, Ola & Laporte, Gilbert, 2016. "Thirty years of heterogeneous vehicle routing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 249(1), pages 1-21.
    10. Jabali, Ola & Gendreau, Michel & Laporte, Gilbert, 2012. "A continuous approximation model for the fleet composition problem," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 46(10), pages 1591-1606.
    11. Luis Rios & Nikolaos Sahinidis, 2013. "Derivative-free optimization: a review of algorithms and comparison of software implementations," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1247-1293, July.
    12. Samuel Pelletier & Ola Jabali & Gilbert Laporte, 2016. "50th Anniversary Invited Article—Goods Distribution with Electric Vehicles: Review and Research Perspectives," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(1), pages 3-22, February.
    13. Hu, Xiaosong & Johannesson, Lars & Murgovski, Nikolce & Egardt, Bo, 2015. "Longevity-conscious dimensioning and power management of the hybrid energy storage system in a fuel cell hybrid electric bus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 913-924.
    14. Wu, Geng & Inderbitzin, Alessandro & Bening, Catharina, 2015. "Total cost of ownership of electric vehicles compared to conventional vehicles: A probabilistic analysis and projection across market segments," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 196-214.
    15. Palmer, Kate & Tate, James E. & Wadud, Zia & Nellthorp, John, 2018. "Total cost of ownership and market share for hybrid and electric vehicles in the UK, US and Japan," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 108-119.
    16. Pelletier, Samuel & Jabali, Ola & Laporte, Gilbert & Veneroni, Marco, 2017. "Battery degradation and behaviour for electric vehicles: Review and numerical analyses of several models," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 158-187.
    17. Hiermann, Gerhard & Puchinger, Jakob & Ropke, Stefan & Hartl, Richard F., 2016. "The Electric Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Recharging Stations," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 252(3), pages 995-1018.
    18. Montoya, Alejandro & Guéret, Christelle & Mendoza, Jorge E. & Villegas, Juan G., 2017. "The electric vehicle routing problem with nonlinear charging function," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 87-110.
    19. Wadud, Zia, 2017. "Fully automated vehicles: A cost of ownership analysis to inform early adoption," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 163-176.
    20. Strehler, Martin & Merting, Sören & Schwan, Christian, 2017. "Energy-efficient shortest routes for electric and hybrid vehicles," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 111-135.
    21. Davis, Brian A. & Figliozzi, Miguel A., 2013. "A methodology to evaluate the competitiveness of electric delivery trucks," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 8-23.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Marcin Łuszczyk & Adam Sulich & Barbara Siuta-Tokarska & Tomasz Zema & Agnieszka Thier, 2021. "The Development of Electromobility in the European Union: Evidence from Poland and Cross-Country Comparisons," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Piotr Wróblewski & Wojciech Lewicki, 2021. "A Method of Analyzing the Residual Values of Low-Emission Vehicles Based on a Selected Expert Method Taking into Account Stochastic Operational Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-24, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Erfan Ghorbani & Mahdi Alinaghian & Gevork. B. Gharehpetian & Sajad Mohammadi & Guido Perboli, 2020. "A Survey on Environmentally Friendly Vehicle Routing Problem and a Proposal of Its Classification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-71, October.
    2. Asghari, Mohammad & Mirzapour Al-e-hashem, S. Mohammad J., 2021. "Green vehicle routing problem: A state-of-the-art review," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    3. Shen, Zuo-Jun Max & Feng, Bo & Mao, Chao & Ran, Lun, 2019. "Optimization models for electric vehicle service operations: A literature review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 462-477.
    4. Herbert Kopfer & Benedikt Vornhusen, 2019. "Energy vehicle routing problem for differently sized and powered vehicles," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 89(7), pages 793-821, September.
    5. Vidal, Thibaut & Laporte, Gilbert & Matl, Piotr, 2020. "A concise guide to existing and emerging vehicle routing problem variants," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 286(2), pages 401-416.
    6. Bektaş, Tolga & Ehmke, Jan Fabian & Psaraftis, Harilaos N. & Puchinger, Jakob, 2019. "The role of operational research in green freight transportation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 274(3), pages 807-823.
    7. Mohammad Asghari & Seyed Mohammad Javad Mirzapour Al-E-Hashem, 2021. "Green vehicle routing problem: A state-of-the-art review," Post-Print hal-03182944, HAL.
    8. Sina Rastani & Bülent Çatay, 2023. "A large neighborhood search-based matheuristic for the load-dependent electric vehicle routing problem with time windows," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 324(1), pages 761-793, May.
    9. Raeesi, Ramin & Zografos, Konstantinos G., 2020. "The electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and synchronised mobile battery swapping," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 101-129.
    10. Cortés-Murcia, David L. & Prodhon, Caroline & Murat Afsar, H., 2019. "The electric vehicle routing problem with time windows, partial recharges and satellite customers," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 184-206.
    11. Garside, Annisa Kesy & Ahmad, Robiah & Muhtazaruddin, Mohd Nabil Bin, 2024. "A recent review of solution approaches for green vehicle routing problem and its variants," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 12(C).
    12. Alexandre M. Florio & Nabil Absi & Dominique Feillet, 2021. "Routing Electric Vehicles on Congested Street Networks," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(1), pages 238-256, 1-2.
    13. Xu, Min & Meng, Qiang, 2019. "Fleet sizing for one-way electric carsharing services considering dynamic vehicle relocation and nonlinear charging profile," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 23-49.
    14. Pelletier, Samuel & Jabali, Ola & Laporte, Gilbert & Veneroni, Marco, 2017. "Battery degradation and behaviour for electric vehicles: Review and numerical analyses of several models," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 158-187.
    15. Schiffer, Maximilian & Walther, Grit, 2018. "Strategic planning of electric logistics fleet networks: A robust location-routing approach," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 31-42.
    16. Qiuping Ni & Yuanxiang Tang, 2023. "A Bibliometric Visualized Analysis and Classification of Vehicle Routing Problem Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-37, April.
    17. Zhang, Shuai & Gajpal, Yuvraj & Appadoo, S.S. & Abdulkader, M.M.S., 2018. "Electric vehicle routing problem with recharging stations for minimizing energy consumption," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 404-413.
    18. Pelletier, Samuel & Jabali, Ola & Laporte, Gilbert, 2018. "Charge scheduling for electric freight vehicles," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 246-269.
    19. Goeke, Dominik, 2019. "Granular tabu search for the pickup and delivery problem with time windows and electric vehicles," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 278(3), pages 821-836.
    20. Li, Lu & Lo, Hong K. & Huang, Wei & Xiao, Feng, 2021. "Mixed bus fleet location-routing-scheduling under range uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 155-179.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3221-:d:566434. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.