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Admixing Chaff with Straw Increased the Residues Collected without Compromising Machinery Efficiencies

Author

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  • Alessandro Suardi

    (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare, 16 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome) Italy)

  • Sergio Saia

    (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare, 16 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome) Italy)

  • Walter Stefanoni

    (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare, 16 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome) Italy)

  • Carina Gunnarsson

    (Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Ultunaallén 4, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Martin Sundberg

    (Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Ultunaallén 4, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Luigi Pari

    (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare, 16 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome) Italy)

Abstract

The collection of residues from staple crop may contribute to meet EU regulations in renewable energy production without harming soil quality. At a global scale, chaff may have great potential to be used as a bioenergy source. However, chaff is not usually collected, and its loss can consist of up to one-fifth of the residual biomass harvestable. In the present work, a spreader able to manage the chaff (either spreading [SPR] on the soil aside to the straw swath or admixed [ADM] with the straw) at varying threshing conditions (with either 1 or 2 threshing rotors [1R and 2R, respectively] in the combine, which affects the mean length of the straw pieces). The fractions of the biomass available in field (grain, chaff, straw, and stubble) were measured, along with the performances of both grain harvesting and baling operations. Admixing chaff allowed for a slightly higher amount of straw fresh weight baled compared to SPR (+336 kg straw ha −1 ), but such result was not evident on a dry weight basis. At the one time, admixing chaff reduced the material capacity of the combine by 12.9%. Using 2R compared to 1R strongly reduced the length of the straw pieces, and increased the bale unit weight; however, it reduced the field efficiency of the grain harvesting operations by 11.9%. On average, the straw loss did not vary by the treatments applied and was 44% of the total residues available (computed excluding the stubble). In conclusion, admixing of chaff with straw is an option to increase the residues collected without compromising grain harvesting and straw baling efficiencies; in addition, it can reduce the energy needs for the bale logistics. According to the present data, improving the chaff collection can allow halving the loss of residues. However, further studies are needed to optimise both the chaff and the straw recoveries.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Suardi & Sergio Saia & Walter Stefanoni & Carina Gunnarsson & Martin Sundberg & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Admixing Chaff with Straw Increased the Residues Collected without Compromising Machinery Efficiencies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:7:p:1766-:d:342250
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alessandro Suardi & Simone Bergonzoli & Vincenzo Alfano & Antonio Scarfone & Luigi Pari, 2019. "Economic Distance to Gather Agricultural Residues from the Field to the Integrated Biomass Logistic Centre: A Spanish Case-Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Sahoo, K. & Hawkins, G.L. & Yao, X.A. & Samples, K. & Mani, S., 2016. "GIS-based biomass assessment and supply logistics system for a sustainable biorefinery: A case study with cotton stalks in the Southeastern US," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 260-273.
    3. Simone Bergonzoli & Alessandro Suardi & Negar Rezaie & Vincenzo Alfano & Luigi Pari, 2020. "An Innovative System for Maize Cob and Wheat Chaff Harvesting: Simultaneous Grain and Residues Collection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, March.
    4. Mikael Lantz & Thomas Prade & Serina Ahlgren & Lovisa Björnsson, 2018. "Biogas and Ethanol from Wheat Grain or Straw: Is There a Trade-Off between Climate Impact, Avoidance of iLUC and Production Cost?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-31, October.
    5. Ying Xu & Lisa Mølgaard Lehmann & Silvestre García de Jalón & Bhim Bahadur Ghaley, 2019. "Assessment of Productivity and Economic Viability of Combined Food and Energy (CFE) Production System in Denmark," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Javier Prieto Ruiz & Simone Bergonzoli & Consuelo Attolico & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Mechanical Harvesting of Camelina: Work Productivity, Costs and Seed Loss Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Francesco Latterini & Walter Stefanoni & Alessandro Suardi & Vincenzo Alfano & Simone Bergonzoli & Nadia Palmieri & Luigi Pari, 2020. "A GIS Approach to Locate a Small Size Biomass Plant Powered by Olive Pruning and to Estimate Supply Chain Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Luigi Pari & Francesco Latterini & Walter Stefanoni, 2020. "Herbaceous Oil Crops, a Review on Mechanical Harvesting State of the Art," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-25, July.
    4. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Javier Prieto Ruiz & Simone Bergonzoli & Nadia Palmieri & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Assessing the Camelina ( Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) Seed Harvesting Using a Combine Harvester: A Case-Study on the Assessment of Work Performance and Seed Loss," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Alessandro Suardi & Walter Stefanoni & Simone Bergonzoli & Francesco Latterini & Nils Jonsson & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Comparison between Two Strategies for the Collection of Wheat Residue after Mechanical Harvesting: Performance and Cost Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.
    6. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Luigi Pari, 2023. "Perennial Grass Species for Bioenergy Production: The State of the Art in Mechanical Harvesting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-12, February.

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