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Li-Ion Battery Performance Degradation Modeling for the Optimal Design and Energy Management of Electrified Propulsion Systems

Author

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  • Li Chen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada)

  • Yuqi Tong

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
    State-assigned Electric Vehicle Power Battery Center, Beijing 100072, China)

  • Zuomin Dong

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada)

Abstract

Heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles and marine vessels need a sizeable electric energy storage system (ESS). The size and energy management strategy (EMS) of the ESS affects the system performance, cost, emissions, and safety. Traditional power-demand-based and fuel-economy-driven ESS sizing and energy management has often led to shortened battery cycle life and higher replacement costs. To consider minimizing the total lifecycle cost (LCC) of hybrid electric propulsion systems, the battery performance degradation and the life prediction model is a critical element in the optimal design process. In this work, a new Li-ion battery (LIB) performance degradation model is introduced based on a large set of cycling experiment data on LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries to predict their capacity decay, resistance increase and the remaining cycle life under various use patterns. Critical parameters of the semi-empirical, amended equivalent circuit model were identified using least-square fitting. The model is used to calculate the investment, operation, replacement and recycling costs of the battery ESS over its lifetime. Validation of the model is made using battery cycling experimental data. The new LFP battery performance degradation model is used in optimizing the sizes of the key hybrid electric powertrain component of an electrified ferry ship with the minimum overall LCC. The optimization result presents a 12 percent improvement over the traditional power demand-driven hybrid powertrain design method. The research supports optimal sizing and EMS development of hybrid electric vehicles and vessels to achieve minimum lifecycle costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Li Chen & Yuqi Tong & Zuomin Dong, 2020. "Li-Ion Battery Performance Degradation Modeling for the Optimal Design and Energy Management of Electrified Propulsion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:7:p:1629-:d:340284
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hou, Cong & Ouyang, Minggao & Xu, Liangfei & Wang, Hewu, 2014. "Approximate Pontryagin’s minimum principle applied to the energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 174-189.
    2. Heymans, Catherine & Walker, Sean B. & Young, Steven B. & Fowler, Michael, 2014. "Economic analysis of second use electric vehicle batteries for residential energy storage and load-levelling," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 22-30.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Pang, Bo & Liu, Siyang & Zhu, Haijia & Feng, Yanbiao & Dong, Zuomin, 2024. "Real-time optimal control of an LNG-fueled hybrid electric ship considering battery degradations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    2. Ye-Rin Kim & Jae-Myeong Kim & Jae-Jung Jung & So-Yeon Kim & Jae-Hak Choi & Hyun-Goo Lee, 2021. "Comprehensive Design of DC Shipboard Power Systems for Pure Electric Propulsion Ship Based on Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-28, August.
    3. Jessica Kersey & Natalie D. Popovich & Amol A. Phadke, 2022. "Rapid battery cost declines accelerate the prospects of all-electric interregional container shipping," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(7), pages 664-674, July.
    4. Bo Pang & Li Chen & Zuomin Dong, 2022. "Data-Driven Degradation Modeling and SOH Prediction of Li-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-12, August.
    5. Marcin Szott & Marcin Jarnut & Jacek Kaniewski & Łukasz Pilimon & Szymon Wermiński, 2021. "Fault-Tolerant Control in a Peak-Power Reduction System of a Traction Substation with Multi-String Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, July.
    6. Feng, Yanbiao & Dong, Zuomin, 2020. "Integrated design and control optimization of fuel cell hybrid mining truck with minimized lifecycle cost," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).

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