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Biofuels from Diethyl Carbonate and Vegetable Oils for Use in Triple Blends with Diesel Fuel: Effect on Performance and Smoke Emissions of a Diesel Engine

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Aguado-Deblas

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Felipa M. Bautista

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Carlos Luna

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Juan Calero

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Alejandro Posadillo

    (Seneca Green Catalyst S.L., Campus de Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Antonio A. Romero

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Diego Luna

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Rafael Estévez

    (Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to contribute to a gradual replacement process of fossil diesel (D) with biofuels composed by diethyl carbonate (DEC) and either sunflower or castor oil, as straight vegetable oils (SVOs). DEC is a very interesting candidate as an oxygenated additive not only because of its low price and renewable nature, but also its favorable fuel properties, such as very low kinematic viscosity, high cetane number, high oxygen content, rich cold flow properties and good miscibility with fossil diesel and vegetable oils. In this work, the more suitable DEC/SVO biofuels are chosen based on kinematic viscosity, according to the European normative. Additionally, the most relevant physical–chemical properties of (bio)fuels such as density, calorific value, cloud point, pour point and cetane number are determined. The influence of DEC on engine performance and exhaust emissions is analyzed by fueling a conventional Diesel engine with the different D/DEC/SVO triple and DEC/SVO double mixtures. The tests results are also compared with commercial diesel. From the results, it is concluded that Diesel engine fueled with the blends studied exhibits an excellent performance in terms of power output, very similar to diesel. Additionally, the use of these blends can remarkably decrease smoke emissions down to 98%, with respect to fossil diesel. The addition of DEC shows a significant improvement in cold flow properties of fuel mixtures in the exchange of a slightly higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) than diesel. Interestingly, the pure biofuels composed by DEC and SVO allow for a suitable engine operation and achieve the lowest emissions, which means these blends can be successfully employed in current engines without adding fossil diesel, i.e., their use entail a 100% renewability.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Aguado-Deblas & Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo & Felipa M. Bautista & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Alejandro Posadillo & Antonio A. Romero & Diego Luna & Rafael Estévez, 2020. "Biofuels from Diethyl Carbonate and Vegetable Oils for Use in Triple Blends with Diesel Fuel: Effect on Performance and Smoke Emissions of a Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:24:p:6584-:d:461769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laura Aguado-Deblas & Rafael Estevez & Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo & Felipa M. Bautista & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Alejandro Posadillo & Antonio A. Romero & Diego Luna, 2020. "Outlook for Direct Use of Sunflower and Castor Oils as Biofuels in Compression Ignition Diesel Engines, Being Part of Diesel/Ethyl Acetate/Straight Vegetable Oil Triple Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Laura Aguado-Deblas & Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo & Felipa M. Bautista & Diego Luna & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Alejandro Posadillo & Antonio A. Romero & Rafael Estevez, 2020. "Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
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    5. Rafael Estevez & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Alejandro Posadillo & Beatriz Hurtado & Felipa M. Bautista & José M. Hidalgo & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Antonio A. Romero & Diego Luna, 2019. "Performance and Emission Quality Assessment in a Diesel Engine of Straight Castor and Sunflower Vegetable Oils, in Diesel/Gasoline/Oil Triple Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-13, June.
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    1. Laura Aguado-Deblas & Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo & Felipa M. Bautista & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Alejandro Posadillo & Antonio A. Romero & Diego Luna & Rafael Estévez, 2021. "Evaluation of Dimethyl Carbonate as Alternative Biofuel. Performance and Smoke Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel/Dimethyl Carbonate/Straight Vegetable Oil Triple Blends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Violeta Makareviciene, 2022. "Advances in Catalytic Technologies for Biodiesel Fuel Synthesis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-4, January.
    3. Marco Castellini & Stefano Ubertini & Diego Barletta & Ilaria Baffo & Pietro Buzzini & Marco Barbanera, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Microbial Oil Using Cardoon Stalks as Carbon Source," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Rafael Estevez & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Antonio A. Romero & Felipa M. Bautista & Diego Luna, 2022. "Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-39, April.

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