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Pseudocapacitive Effect of Carbons Doped with Different Functional Groups as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors

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  • Mojtaba Mirzaeian

    (School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland PA1 2BE, UK
    Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan)

  • Qaisar Abbas

    (School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland PA1 2BE, UK
    Centre for Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK)

  • Michael. R. C. Hunt

    (Centre for Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK)

  • Peter Hall

    (School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland PA1 2BE, UK)

Abstract

In this study, RF-based un-doped and nitrogen-doped aerogels were produced by polymerisation reaction between resorcinol and formaldehyde with sodium carbonate as catalyst and melamine as the nitrogen source. Carbon/activated carbon aerogels were obtained by carbonisation of the gels under inert atmosphere (Ar) followed by activation of the carbons under CO 2 at 800 °C. The BET analysis of the samples showed a more than two-fold increase in the specific Surf. area and pore volume of carbon from 537 to 1333 m 2 g −1 and 0.242 to 0.671 cm 3 g −1 respectively after nitrogen doping and activation. SEM and XRD analysis of the samples revealed highly porous amorphous nanostructures with denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways for the activated nitrogen-doped carbon. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms on the Surf. and within the carbon matrix where improvement in wettability with the drop in the contact angle from 123° to 80° was witnessed after oxygen and nitrogen doping. A steady drop in the equivalent series (RS) and charge transfer (RCT) resistances was observed by electrochemical measurements after the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms. The highest specific capacitance of 289 Fg −1 with the lowest values of 0.11 Ω and 0.02 Ω for RS and RCT was achieved for nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped activated carbon in line with its improved Surf. chemistry and wettability, and its enhanced conductivity due to denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways.

Suggested Citation

  • Mojtaba Mirzaeian & Qaisar Abbas & Michael. R. C. Hunt & Peter Hall, 2020. "Pseudocapacitive Effect of Carbons Doped with Different Functional Groups as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5577-:d:434629
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mojtaba Mirzaeian & Nazym Akhanova & Maratbek Gabdullin & Zhanar Kalkozova & Aida Tulegenova & Shyryn Nurbolat & Khabibulla Abdullin, 2020. "Improvement of the Pseudocapacitive Performance of Cobalt Oxide-Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Mirzaeian, Mojtaba & Abbas, Qaisar & Gibson, Des & Mazur, Michal, 2019. "Effect of nitrogen doping on the electrochemical performance of resorcinol-formaldehyde based carbon aerogels as electrode material for supercapacitor applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 809-819.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adam Moyseowicz & Agata Moyseowicz, 2021. "One-Pot Synthesis of Bismuth Sulfide Nanostructures as an Active Electrode Material for Aqueous Hybrid Capacitors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Su-Jin Jang & Jeong Han Lee & Seo Hui Kang & Yun Chan Kang & Kwang Chul Roh, 2021. "Nitrogen-Doped and Carbon-Coated Activated Carbon as a Conductivity Additive-Free Electrode for Supercapacitors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-10, November.
    3. Mojtaba Mirzaeian, 2022. "High-Energy Electrochemical Capacitors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-4, May.

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