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Study of the Effects of Changes in Gas Composition as Well as Ambient and Gas Temperature on Errors of Indications of Thermal Gas Meters

Author

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  • Jacek Jaworski

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25a, 31-503 Kraków, Poland)

  • Adrian Dudek

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25a, 31-503 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Thermal gas meters represent a promising technology for billing customers for gaseous fuels, however, it is essential to ensure that measurement accuracy is maintained in the long term and in a broad range of operating conditions. The effect of hydrogen addition to natural gas will change the physicochemical properties of the mixture of natural gas and hydrogen. Such a mixture will be supplied through the gas system, to consumers, including households, where the amounts of received gas will be metered. The physicochemical properties of hydrogen, including the specific density or viscosity, differ significantly from those of the natural gas components, such as methane, ethane, propane, nitrogen, etc. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to establish the impact of the changes in the gas composition caused by the addition of hydrogen to natural gas on the metrological properties of household gas meters, including thermal gas meters. Furthermore, since household gas meters can be installed outdoors and, taking into account the fact that household gas meters are good heat exchangers, the influence of ambient and gas temperature on the metrological properties of those meters should be investigated. This article reviews a test bench and a testing method concerning errors of thermal gas meter indicators using air and natural gas, including the type containing hydrogen. The indication errors for thermal gas meters using air, natural gas and natural gas with an addition of 2%, 4%, 5%, 10% and 15% hydrogen were determined and then subjected to metrological analysis. Moreover, the test method and test bench are discussed and the results of tests on the impact of ambient and gas temperatures (‒25 °C and 55 °C, respectively) on the errors of indications of thermal gas meters are presented. Conclusions for distribution system operators in terms of gas meter selection were drawn based on the test results.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacek Jaworski & Adrian Dudek, 2020. "Study of the Effects of Changes in Gas Composition as Well as Ambient and Gas Temperature on Errors of Indications of Thermal Gas Meters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-23, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5428-:d:430522
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Costello, Kenneth W., 2014. "Lost and unaccounted-for gas: Challenges for public utility regulators," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 17-24.
    2. Szymon Kuczyński & Mariusz Łaciak & Andrzej Olijnyk & Adam Szurlej & Tomasz Włodek, 2019. "Thermodynamic and Technical Issues of Hydrogen and Methane-Hydrogen Mixtures Pipeline Transmission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Jacek Jaworski & Paweł Kułaga & Tomasz Blacharski, 2020. "Study of the Effect of Addition of Hydrogen to Natural Gas on Diaphragm Gas Meters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Giorgio Ficco & Fausto Arpino & Marco Dell’Isola & Michele Grimaldi & Silvia Lisi, 2022. "Development of a Hydrogen Valley for Exploitation of Green Hydrogen in Central Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Robert Wojtowicz & Jacek Jaworski, 2021. "Operation Analysis of Selected Domestic Appliances Supplied with Mixture of Nitrogen-Rich Natural Gas with Hydrogen," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Jacek Jaworski & Paweł Kułaga & Giorgio Ficco & Marco Dell’Isola, 2021. "Domestic Gas Meter Durability in Hydrogen and Natural Gas Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Marco Dell’Isola & Giorgio Ficco & Linda Moretti & Jacek Jaworski & Paweł Kułaga & Ewa Kukulska–Zając, 2021. "Impact of Hydrogen Injection on Natural Gas Measurement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Anna Huszal & Jacek Jaworski, 2020. "Studies of the Impact of Hydrogen on the Stability of Gaseous Mixtures of THT," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, December.

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