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EU Emission Targets of 2050: Costs and CO 2 Emissions Comparison of Three Different Solar and Heat Pump-Based Community-Level District Heating Systems in Nordic Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Hassam ur Rehman

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Vuorimiehentie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Janne Hirvonen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Juha Jokisalo

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Risto Kosonen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China)

  • Kai Sirén

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

Abstract

In Finland, old apartments (1980s) contribute toward emissions. The objective is to reduce CO 2 emissions to reach Europe’s targets of 2050. Three different centralized solar-based district heating systems integrated either with non-renovated or renovated old buildings in the community were simulated and compared against the reference city-level district heating system. The three proposed centralized systems were: Case 1: photovoltaic (PV) with a ground source heat pump (GSHP); Case 2: PV with an air-water heat pump (A2WHP); and Case 3: PV with A2WHPs, seasonal storage, and GSHPs. TRNSYS simulation software was used for dynamic simulation of the systems. Life cycle cost (LCC), CO 2 emissions and purchased electricity were calculated and compared. The results show that the community-level district heating system (Case 3) outperformed Case 1, Case 2, and the city-level district heating. With non-renovated buildings, the relative emissions reduction was 83% when the reference energy system was replaced with Case 3 and the emissions reduction cost was 3.74 €/kg.CO 2 /yr. The relative emissions reduction was 91% when the buildings were deep renovated and integrated with Case 3 when compared to the reference system with non-renovated buildings and the emission reduction cost was 11.9 €/kg.CO 2 /yr. Such district heating systems could help in meeting Europe’s emissions target for 2050.

Suggested Citation

  • Hassam ur Rehman & Janne Hirvonen & Juha Jokisalo & Risto Kosonen & Kai Sirén, 2020. "EU Emission Targets of 2050: Costs and CO 2 Emissions Comparison of Three Different Solar and Heat Pump-Based Community-Level District Heating Systems in Nordic Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-31, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:16:p:4167-:d:397846
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