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Modeling Air Pollutant Emissions in the Provincial Level Road Transportation Sector in Korea: A Case Study of the Zero-Emission Vehicle Subsidy

Author

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  • Minyoung Roh

    (Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16449, Korea)

  • Seungho Jeon

    (Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16449, Korea)

  • Soontae Kim

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16449, Korea)

  • Sha Yu

    (Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740, USA)

  • Almas Heshmati

    (Jönköping International Business School (JIBS), Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden)

  • Suduk Kim

    (Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16449, Korea)

Abstract

South Korea has been suffering from high PM 2.5 pollution. Previous studies have contributed to establishing PM 2.5 mitigation policies but have not considered provincial features and sector-interactions. In that sense, the integrated assessment model (IAM) could complement the shortcomings of previous studies. IAM, capable of analyzing PM 2.5 pollution levels at the provincial level in Korea, however, has not been developed yet. Hence, this study (i) expands on IAM which can represent provincial-level spatial resolution in Korea (GCAM-Korea) with air pollutant emissions modeling which focuses on the road transportation sector and (ii) examines the zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) subsidy policy’s effects on PM 2.5 mitigation using the expanded GCAM-Korea. Simulation results show that PM 2.5 emissions decrease by 0.6–4.1% compared to the baseline, and the Seoul metropolitan area contributes 38–44% to the overall PM 2.5 emission reductions. As the ZEVs subsidy is weighted towards the light-duty vehicle 4-wheels (LDV4W) sector, various spillover effects are found: ZEVs’ share rises intensively in the LDV4W sector leading to an increase in its service costs, and at the same time, driving bus service costs to become relatively cheaper. This, in turn, drives an increase in bus service demand and emissions discharge. Furthermore, this type of impact of the ZEVs subsidy policy does not reduce internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in freight trucks, although diesel freight trucks are a major contributor to PM 2.5 emissions and also to NO x .

Suggested Citation

  • Minyoung Roh & Seungho Jeon & Soontae Kim & Sha Yu & Almas Heshmati & Suduk Kim, 2020. "Modeling Air Pollutant Emissions in the Provincial Level Road Transportation Sector in Korea: A Case Study of the Zero-Emission Vehicle Subsidy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:15:p:3999-:d:393851
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Seungho Jeon & Minyoung Roh & Jaeick Oh & Suduk Kim, 2020. "Development of an Integrated Assessment Model at Provincial Level: GCAM-Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-15, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Biao Li & Yong Geng & Xiqiang Xia & Dan Qiao, 2021. "The Impact of Government Subsidies on the Low-Carbon Supply Chain Based on Carbon Emission Reduction Level," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Jeseok Ryu & Jinho Kim, 2020. "Demand Response Program Expansion in Korea through Particulate Matter Forecasting Based on Deep Learning and Fuzzy Inference," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Thomas M. T. Lei & Martin F. C. Ma, 2023. "The Relationship between Roadside PM Concentration and Traffic Characterization: A Case Study in Macao," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-14, July.

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