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The Optimal Control of Fuel Consumption for a Heavy-Duty Motorcycle with Three Power Sources Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation

Author

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  • Chien-Hsun Wu

    (Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan)

  • Yong-Xiang Xu

    (Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan)

Abstract

This study presents a simulation platform for a hybrid electric motorcycle with an engine, a driving motor, and an integrated starter generator (ISG) as three power sources. This platform also consists of the driving cycle, driver, lithium-ion battery, continuously variable transmission (CVT), motorcycle dynamics, and energy management system models. Two Arduino DUE microcontrollers integrated with the required circuit to process analog-to-digital signal conversion for input and output are utilized to carry out a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. A driving cycle called worldwide motorcycle test cycle (WMTC) is used for evaluating the performance characteristics and response relationship among subsystems. Control strategies called rule-based control (RBC) and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) are simulated and compared with the purely engine-driven operation. The results show that the improvement percentages for equivalent fuel consumption and energy consumption for RBC and ECMS using the pure software simulation were 17.74%/18.50% and 42.77%/44.22% respectively, while those with HIL were 18.16%/18.82% and 42.73%/44.10%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Chien-Hsun Wu & Yong-Xiang Xu, 2019. "The Optimal Control of Fuel Consumption for a Heavy-Duty Motorcycle with Three Power Sources Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2019:i:1:p:22-:d:299637
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    References listed on IDEAS

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