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Analysis of Local Measurement-Based Algorithms for Fault Detection in a Multi-Terminal HVDC Grid

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  • María José Pérez Molina

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Dunixe Marene Larruskain

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Pablo Eguía López

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Agurtzane Etxegarai

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain)

Abstract

One of the most important challenges of developing multi-terminal (MT) high voltage direct current (HVDC) grids is the system performance under fault conditions. It must be highlighted that the operating time of the protection system needs to be shorter than a few milliseconds. Due to this restrictive requirement of speed, local measurement based algorithms are mostly used as primary protection since they present an appropriate operation speed. This paper focuses on the analysis of local measurement based algorithms, specifically overcurrent, undervoltage, rate-of-change-of-current, and rate-of-change-of-voltage algorithms. A review of these fault detection algorithms is presented. Furthermore, these algorithms are applied to a multi-terminal grid, where the influence of fault location and fault resistance is assessed. Then, their performances are compared in terms of detection speed and maximum current interrupted by the HVDC circuit breakers. This analysis aims to enhance the protection systems by facilitating the selection of the most suitable algorithm for primary or backup protection systems. In addition, two new fault type identification algorithms based on the rate-of-change-of-voltage and rate-of-change-of-current are proposed and analyzed. The paper finally includes a comparison between the previously reviewed local measurement based algorithms found in the literature and the simulation results of the present work.

Suggested Citation

  • María José Pérez Molina & Dunixe Marene Larruskain & Pablo Eguía López & Agurtzane Etxegarai, 2019. "Analysis of Local Measurement-Based Algorithms for Fault Detection in a Multi-Terminal HVDC Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:24:p:4808-:d:298889
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Blond, S. Le & Bertho, R. & Coury, D.V. & Vieira, J.C.M., 2016. "Design of protection schemes for multi-terminal HVDC systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 965-974.
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    Cited by:

    1. María José Pérez-Molina & Dunixe Marene Larruskain & Pablo Eguia & Oihane Abarrategi, 2021. "Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Strategy for HVDC Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-15, July.
    2. Sangyong Park & Hyosang Choi, 2020. "Operation Characteristics for the Superconducting Arc-Induction Type DC Circuit Breaker," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Perez-Molina, M.J. & Larruskain, D.M. & Eguia Lopez, P. & Buigues, G. & Valverde, V., 2021. "Review of protection systems for multi-terminal high voltage direct current grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    4. Sahebkar Farkhani, Jalal & Çelik, Özgür & Ma, Kaiqi & Bak, Claus Leth & Chen, Zhe, 2024. "A comprehensive review of potential protection methods for VSC multi-terminal HVDC systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).

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