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Intraday Load Forecasts with Uncertainty

Author

Listed:
  • David Kozak

    (Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

  • Scott Holladay

    (Department of Economics, Haslam School of Business, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA)

  • Gregory E. Fasshauer

    (Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

Abstract

We provide a comprehensive framework for forecasting five minute load using Gaussian processes with a positive definite kernel specifically designed for load forecasts. Gaussian processes are probabilistic, enabling us to draw samples from a posterior distribution and provide rigorous uncertainty estimates to complement the point forecast, an important benefit for forecast consumers. As part of the modeling process, we discuss various methods for dimension reduction and explore their use in effectively incorporating weather data to the load forecast. We provide guidance for every step of the modeling process, from model construction through optimization and model combination. We provide results on data from the largest deregulated wholesale U.S. electricity market for various periods in 2018. The process is transparent, mathematically motivated, and reproducible. The resulting model provides a probability density of five minute forecasts for 24 h.

Suggested Citation

  • David Kozak & Scott Holladay & Gregory E. Fasshauer, 2019. "Intraday Load Forecasts with Uncertainty," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:10:p:1833-:d:231133
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Weron, Rafał, 2014. "Electricity price forecasting: A review of the state-of-the-art with a look into the future," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 1030-1081.
    2. Hong, Tao & Wang, Pu & White, Laura, 2015. "Weather station selection for electric load forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 286-295.
    3. Makridakis, Spyros & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2018. "The M4 Competition: Results, findings, conclusion and way forward," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 802-808.
    4. Hong, Tao & Fan, Shu, 2016. "Probabilistic electric load forecasting: A tutorial review," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 914-938.
    5. Weron, R. & Kozłowska, B. & Nowicka-Zagrajek, J., 2001. "Modeling electricity loads in California: a continuous-time approach," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 299(1), pages 344-350.
    6. Joanna Nowicka-Zagrajek & Rafal Weron, 2002. "Modeling electricity loads in California: ARMA models with hyperbolic noise," HSC Research Reports HSC/02/02, Hugo Steinhaus Center, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Taorong Jia & Lixiao Yao & Guoqing Yang & Qi He, 2022. "A Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Method of Based on the CEEMDAN-MVO-GRU," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.

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