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Effect of Freshwater Washing Pretreatment on Sargassum muticum as a Feedstock for Biogas Production

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  • John J. Milledge

    (Faculty of Engineering and Science, Algae Biotechnology Research Group, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK)

  • Birthe V. Nielsen

    (Faculty of Engineering and Science, Algae Biotechnology Research Group, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK)

  • Manar S. Sadek

    (Current Address: Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October City 11787, Egypt)

  • Patricia J. Harvey

    (Faculty of Engineering and Science, Algae Biotechnology Research Group, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK)

Abstract

The pretreatment of seaweed by washing in freshwater is often used in seaweed biofuel research studies. However, the effect of washing seaweed prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) does not appear to have been greatly studied. This study examines washing Sargassum muticum with freshwater and its effect on ultimate and proximate analyses, salt content, methane production from anaerobic digestion, and leachate loss from ensiling. Washing with freshwater significantly ( p < 0.01) increased moisture content (unwashed 85.6%, washed 89.1%) but significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced ash (unwashed 32.7% dry weight dw, washed 30.6% dw) and salt content (unwashed ash containing 51.5%, washed 42.5%). The dry biomass higher heating value was significantly ( p < 0.05) increased by washing due to the lower ash content (11.5 to 12.6 kJ g −1 dw). There was no significant change in the protein or lipid content, although washing increased the nitrogen content (3.85–4.77% dw). Washing significantly ( p < 0.05) increased leachate losses during ensiling, with total leachate losses increasing after washing (12.7–25.2%). The methane yield from anaerobic digestion (28 days) was not statistically significantly different ( p > 0.05) between unwashed (0.225 L CH 4 g −1 VS) and washed samples (0.177 L CH 4 g −1 VS). However, washing delayed biomethane production.

Suggested Citation

  • John J. Milledge & Birthe V. Nielsen & Manar S. Sadek & Patricia J. Harvey, 2018. "Effect of Freshwater Washing Pretreatment on Sargassum muticum as a Feedstock for Biogas Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:7:p:1771-:d:156471
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lindmark, Johan & Thorin, Eva & Bel Fdhila, Rebei & Dahlquist, Erik, 2014. "Effects of mixing on the result of anaerobic digestion: Review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1030-1047.
    2. McKennedy, Janet & Sherlock, Orla, 2015. "Anaerobic digestion of marine macroalgae: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1781-1790.
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    2. Pengfei Li & Wenzhe Li & Mingchao Sun & Xiang Xu & Bo Zhang & Yong Sun, 2018. "Evaluation of Biochemical Methane Potential and Kinetics on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Crop Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Alberto Benato & Alarico Macor, 2019. "Italian Biogas Plants: Trend, Subsidies, Cost, Biogas Composition and Engine Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-31, March.
    4. John James Milledge & Supattra Maneein & Elena Arribas López & Debbie Bartlett, 2020. "Sargassum Inundations in Turks and Caicos: Methane Potential and Proximate, Ultimate, Lipid, Amino Acid, Metal and Metalloid Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-27, March.
    5. Yiru Zhao & Nathalie Bourgougnon & Jean-Louis Lanoisellé & Thomas Lendormi, 2022. "Biofuel Production from Seaweeds: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-34, December.
    6. Spyridon Achinas & Johan Horjus & Vasileios Achinas & Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink, 2019. "A PESTLE Analysis of Biofuels Energy Industry in Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-24, October.
    7. John J. Milledge & Birthe V. Nielsen & Supattra Maneein & Patricia J. Harvey, 2019. "A Brief Review of Anaerobic Digestion of Algae for Bioenergy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-22, March.

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