IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i4p1013-d142370.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Study on Variation of Internal Heat Gain in Office Buildings by Chronology

Author

Listed:
  • Hyemi Kim

    (Graduated School, Department of Architectural Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea)

  • Kyung-soon Park

    (Architectural Engineering Major, Division of Urban, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea)

  • Hwan-yong Kim

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, ERI, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea)

  • Young-hak Song

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, ERI, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea)

Abstract

The additional process of load calculation during the retrofit of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment has been generally omitted in Korea, in recent years. Instead, a simple replacement of HVAC equipment, based on existing HVAC capacities, has been used, which is limited when taking the variation of internal heat gain into consideration, due to changes in the consumption power due to light and office automation (OA) equipment in recent years. Thus, this study aimed to identify a change in internal heat gains over 30 years, from 1985 to 2015, study investigated actual measurement-based academic papers and catalogs about OA equipment, lighting, and the number of occupants per unit area. The heat load produced from OA equipment has increased by approximately 49.6% in 2015 compared to that of 1980, and the heat load from lighting equipment has decreased by 47% compared to that of fluorescent-based lighting, and the heat load from human bodies was approximately 10 W/m 2 on average, which showed a minimal change over the past 30 years. The internal heat gain calculated for 30,000 m 2 of total floor area has increased constantly for the last 30 years. Note that the internal heat gains were designed excessively, as the values used in literature was approximately 17% to 50% smaller than the value used normally in the case of pre-2000 designs, and the values used after 2000 were approximately 35% to 50% smaller than the design standard value.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyemi Kim & Kyung-soon Park & Hwan-yong Kim & Young-hak Song, 2018. "Study on Variation of Internal Heat Gain in Office Buildings by Chronology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:4:p:1013-:d:142370
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/1013/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/1013/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kawamoto, Kaoru & Koomey, Jonathan G & Nordman, Bruce & Brown, Richard E & Piette, Mary Ann & Ting, Michael & Meier, Alan K, 2002. "Electricity used by office equipment and network equipment in the US," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 255-269.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hyemi Kim & Kyung-soon Park & Soolyeon Cho & Young-hak Song, 2019. "A Study on Utility of Retrofit that Minimizes the Replacement of Heat-Source System in Large Offices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Marcin Kaczmarzyk & Aleksander Starakiewicz & Aleksander Waśniowski, 2020. "Internal Heat Gains in a Lunar Base—A Contemporary Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-28, June.
    3. Hyemi Kim & Kyung-soon Park & Hwan-yong Kim & Young-hak Song, 2019. "A Study on the Changes in the Heat Source Capacity and Air-Conditioning Load due to Retrofit; Focusing on a Large Office Building in Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, March.
    4. Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos & Dimitra Papadaki & Francesco Tariello & Giuseppe Peter Vanoli, 2020. "A Holistic Approach for Energy Renovation of the Town Hall Building in a Typical Small City of Southern Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-36, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Watanabe, Chihiro & Kishioka, Miharu & Carvajal, Carlos Antonio, 2005. "IT substitution for energy leads to a resilient structure for a survival strategy of Japan's electric power industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1069-1084, May.
    2. Botman, Lola & Lago, Jesus & Fu, Xiaohan & Chia, Keaton & Wolf, Jesse & Kleissl, Jan & De Moor, Bart, 2024. "Building plug load mode detection, forecasting and scheduling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 364(C).
    3. Mitchell-Jackson, J. & Koomey, J.G. & Nordman, B. & Blazek, M., 2003. "Data center power requirements: measurements from Silicon Valley," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(8), pages 837-850.
    4. Pokrovskii, Vladimir N., 2007. "Productive energy in the US economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 816-822.
    5. Abulibdeh, A. & Jawarneh, R.N. & Al-Awadhi, T. & Abdullah, M.M. & Abulibdeh, R. & El Kenawy, A.M., 2024. "Assessment of carbon footprint in Qatar's electricity sector: A comparative analysis across various building typologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    6. Sauer, Ildo L. & Tatizawa, Hédio & Salotti, Francisco A.M., 2012. "Power quality and energy efficiency assessment and the need for labelling and minimum performance standard of uninterruptible power systems (UPS) in Brazil," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 885-892.
    7. Kamilaris, Andreas & Kalluri, Balaji & Kondepudi, Sekhar & Kwok Wai, Tham, 2014. "A literature survey on measuring energy usage for miscellaneous electric loads in offices and commercial buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 536-550.
    8. Wei, Shuangyu & Tien, Paige Wenbin & Calautit, John Kaiser & Wu, Yupeng & Boukhanouf, Rabah, 2020. "Vision-based detection and prediction of equipment heat gains in commercial office buildings using a deep learning method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    9. Ayres, Robert U. & Ayres, Leslie W. & Pokrovsky, Vladimir, 2005. "On the efficiency of US electricity usage since 1900," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1092-1145.
    10. Webber, Carrie A. & Roberson, Judy A. & McWhinney, Marla C. & Brown, Richard E. & Pinckard, Margaret J. & Busch, John F., 2006. "After-hours power status of office equipment in the USA," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(14), pages 2823-2838.
    11. McAllister, J. Andrew & Farrell, Alexander E., 2007. "Electricity consumption by battery-powered consumer electronics: A household-level survey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1177-1184.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:4:p:1013-:d:142370. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.