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Optimal Residential Load Scheduling Under Utility and Rooftop Photovoltaic Units

Author

Listed:
  • Ghulam Hafeez

    (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Nadeem Javaid

    (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Sohail Iqbal

    (SEECS, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Farman Ali Khan

    (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Attock 43600, Pakistan)

Abstract

With the rapid advancement in technology, electrical energy consumption is increasing rapidly. Especially, in the residential sector, more than 80% of electrical energy is being consumed because of consumer negligence. This brings the challenging task of maintaining the balance between the demand and supply of electric power. In this paper, we focus on the problem of load balancing via load scheduling under utility and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) units to reduce electricity cost and peak to average ratio (PAR) in demand-side management. For this purpose, we adopted genetic algorithm (GA), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), wind-driven optimization (WDO), and our proposed genetic WDO (GWDO) algorithm, which is a hybrid of GA and WDO, to schedule the household load. For energy cost estimation, combined real-time pricing (RTP) and inclined block rate (IBR) were used. The proposed algorithm shifts load from peak consumption hours to off-peak hours based on combined pricing scheme and generation from rooftop PV units. Simulation results validate our proposed GWDO algorithm in terms of electricity cost and PAR reduction while considering all three scenarios which we have considered in this work: (1) load scheduling without renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage system (ESS), (2) load scheduling with RESs, and (3) load scheduling with RESs and ESS. Furthermore, our proposed scheme reduced electricity cost and PAR by 22.5% and 29.1% in scenario 1, 47.7% and 30% in scenario 2, and 49.2% and 35.4% in scenario 3, respectively, as compared to unscheduled electricity consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghulam Hafeez & Nadeem Javaid & Sohail Iqbal & Farman Ali Khan, 2018. "Optimal Residential Load Scheduling Under Utility and Rooftop Photovoltaic Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-27, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:3:p:611-:d:135558
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Ogliari, Emanuele & Dolara, Alberto & Manzolini, Giampaolo & Leva, Sonia, 2017. "Physical and hybrid methods comparison for the day ahead PV output power forecast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 11-21.
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    2. Kanakadhurga, Dharmaraj & Prabaharan, Natarajan, 2022. "Demand side management in microgrid: A critical review of key issues and recent trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    3. Hafeez, Ghulam & Alimgeer, Khurram Saleem & Khan, Imran, 2020. "Electric load forecasting based on deep learning and optimized by heuristic algorithm in smart grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    4. Prasertsak Charoen & Nathavuth Kitbutrawat & Jasada Kudtongngam, 2022. "A Demand Response Implementation with Building Energy Management System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, February.
    5. Francesco Mancini & Gianluigi Lo Basso & Livio De Santoli, 2019. "Energy Use in Residential Buildings: Characterisation for Identifying Flexible Loads by Means of a Questionnaire Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-19, May.
    6. Ghulam Hafeez & Khurram Saleem Alimgeer & Zahid Wadud & Zeeshan Shafiq & Mohammad Usman Ali Khan & Imran Khan & Farrukh Aslam Khan & Abdelouahid Derhab, 2020. "A Novel Accurate and Fast Converging Deep Learning-Based Model for Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting in a Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-25, May.
    7. Sana Iqbal & Mohammad Sarfraz & Mohammad Ayyub & Mohd Tariq & Ripon K. Chakrabortty & Michael J. Ryan & Basem Alamri, 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Residential Demand Side Management Strategies in Smart Grid Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-23, June.
    8. Sana Bashir & Iftikhar Ahmad & Sajid Rashid Ahmad, 2018. "Low-Emission Modeling for Energy Demand in the Household Sector: A Study of Pakistan as a Developing Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Makhadmeh, Sharif Naser & Khader, Ahamad Tajudin & Al-Betar, Mohammed Azmi & Naim, Syibrah & Abasi, Ammar Kamal & Alyasseri, Zaid Abdi Alkareem, 2019. "Optimization methods for power scheduling problems in smart home: Survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    10. Lorenzo Bartolucci & Stefano Cordiner & Vincenzo Mulone & Marina Santarelli, 2019. "Ancillary Services Provided by Hybrid Residential Renewable Energy Systems through Thermal and Electrochemical Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-18, June.
    11. Christoforos Menos-Aikateriniadis & Ilias Lamprinos & Pavlos S. Georgilakis, 2022. "Particle Swarm Optimization in Residential Demand-Side Management: A Review on Scheduling and Control Algorithms for Demand Response Provision," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-26, March.

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