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An Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Considering Anisotropy and Using Freshwater and Supercritical CO 2

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  • Jianming He

    (Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Lekan Olatayo Afolagboye

    (Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Chong Lin

    (Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Xiaole Wan

    (Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract

The process of hydraulic fracturing makes use of a liquid to fracture reservoir rocks for the exploitation of unconventional resources. Hence, it is vital to understand the processes that produce the fracture networks that occur during hydraulic fracturing. A shale reservoir is one of the largest unconventional resources and it displays obvious anisotropic characteristics due to its inherent sedimentary structures. The viscosity and flow ability of the fracturing fluid plays an important role in this process. We conducted a series of hydraulic fracturing tests on shale cores (from the southern Sichuan Basin) using freshwater and supercritical CO 2 (SCO 2 ) as fracturing fluids to investigate the different modes of fracture propagation. The pump pressure curves that we obtained during the fracturing experiment show how the shale responded to each of the fracturing fluids. We examined the influence of the anisotropic characteristics on the propagation of hydraulic fractures by conducting a series of hydraulic fracturing experiments on the shale cores using different bedding orientations. The bedding orientation of the shale had a profound influence on the fracture propagation when using either freshwater or a SCO 2 fluid. The breakdown pressure of the shale core was affected not only by the bedding orientation but also by the fracturing fluid. A macroscopic observation of the fractures revealed different fracture geometries and propagation patterns. The results demonstrated that the anisotropic structures and the fracturing fluids could influence the path of the hydraulic fracture.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianming He & Lekan Olatayo Afolagboye & Chong Lin & Xiaole Wan, 2018. "An Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Considering Anisotropy and Using Freshwater and Supercritical CO 2," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-13, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:3:p:557-:d:134769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fan, Tie-gang & Zhang, Guang-qing, 2014. "Laboratory investigation of hydraulic fracture networks in formations with continuous orthogonal fractures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 164-173.
    2. Jianming He & Chong Lin & Xiao Li & Xiaole Wan, 2016. "Experimental Investigation of Crack Extension Patterns in Hydraulic Fracturing with Shale, Sandstone and Granite Cores," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-16, December.
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    3. Yulong Zhang & Yiping Zhang & Bei Han & Xin Zhang & Yun Jia, 2022. "Parameter Studies on Hydraulic Fracturing in Brittle Rocks Based on a Modified Hydromechanical Coupling Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-19, April.
    4. Xiangxiang Zhang & Jianguo Wang & Feng Gao & Xiaolin Wang, 2018. "Numerical Study of Fracture Network Evolution during Nitrogen Fracturing Processes in Shale Reservoirs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, September.
    5. Ion Pană & Iuliana Veronica Gheţiu & Ioana Gabriela Stan & Florinel Dinu & Gheorghe Brănoiu & Silvian Suditu, 2022. "The Use of Hydraulic Fracturing in Stimulation of the Oil and Gas Wells in Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-33, May.

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