IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i3p496-d133533.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Towards Biochar and Hydrochar Engineering—Influence of Process Conditions on Surface Physical and Chemical Properties, Thermal Stability, Nutrient Availability, Toxicity and Wettability

Author

Listed:
  • Alba Dieguez-Alonso

    (Institute of Energy Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Chair for Energy Process Engineering and Conversion Technologies for Renewable Energies, Fasanenstr. 89, 10623 Berlin, Germany)

  • Axel Funke

    (Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany)

  • Andrés Anca-Couce

    (Institute of Thermal Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25b, 8010 Graz, Austria)

  • Alessandro Girolamo Rombolà

    (Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, C.I.R.I. Energia Ambiente and C.I.R.S.A., Università di Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy)

  • Gerardo Ojeda

    (Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), 08193 Cendanyola del Vallès, Spain)

  • Jörg Bachmann

    (Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany)

  • Frank Behrendt

    (Institute of Energy Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Chair for Energy Process Engineering and Conversion Technologies for Renewable Energies, Fasanenstr. 89, 10623 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

The impact of conversion process parameters in pyrolysis (maximum temperature, inert gas flow rate) and hydrothermal carbonization (maximum temperature, residence time and post-washing) on biochar and hydrochar properties is investigated. Pine wood (PW) and corn digestate (CD), with low and high inorganic species content respectively, are used as feedstock. CD biochars show lower H/C ratios, thermal recalcitrance and total specific surface area than PW biochars, but higher mesoporosity. CD and PW biochars present higher naphthalene and phenanthrene contents, respectively, which may indicate different reaction pathways. High temperatures (>500 °C) lead to lower PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content (<12 mg/kg) and higher specific surface area. With increasing process severity the biochars carbon content is also enhanced, as well as the thermal stability. High inert gas flow rates increase the microporosity and wettability of biochars. In hydrochars the high inorganic content favor decarboxylation over dehydration reactions. Hydrochars show mainly mesoporosity, with a higher pore volume but generally lower specific surface area than biochars. Biochars present negligible availability of NO 3 − and NH 4 + , irrespective of the nitrogen content of the feedstock. For hydrochars, a potential increase in availability of NO 3 − , NH 4 + , PO 4 3 − , and K + with respect to the feedstock is possible. The results from this work can be applied to “engineer” appropriate biochars with respect to soil demands and certification requirements.

Suggested Citation

  • Alba Dieguez-Alonso & Axel Funke & Andrés Anca-Couce & Alessandro Girolamo Rombolà & Gerardo Ojeda & Jörg Bachmann & Frank Behrendt, 2018. "Towards Biochar and Hydrochar Engineering—Influence of Process Conditions on Surface Physical and Chemical Properties, Thermal Stability, Nutrient Availability, Toxicity and Wettability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-26, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:3:p:496-:d:133533
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/3/496/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/3/496/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ilaria Zambon & Fabrizio Colosimo & Danilo Monarca & Massimo Cecchini & Francesco Gallucci & Andrea Rosario Proto & Richard Lord & Andrea Colantoni, 2016. "An Innovative Agro-Forestry Supply Chain for Residual Biomass: Physicochemical Characterisation of Biochar from Olive and Hazelnut Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Chamseddine Guizani & Mejdi Jeguirim & Sylvie Valin & Lionel Limousy & Sylvain Salvador, 2017. "Biomass Chars: The Effects of Pyrolysis Conditions on Their Morphology, Structure, Chemical Properties and Reactivity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Shi-Xiang Zhao & Na Ta & Xu-Dong Wang, 2017. "Effect of Temperature on the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Biochar with Apple Tree Branches as Feedstock Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Nikolas Hagemann & Stephen Joseph & Hans-Peter Schmidt & Claudia I. Kammann & Johannes Harter & Thomas Borch & Robert B. Young & Krisztina Varga & Sarasadat Taherymoosavi & K. Wade Elliott & Amy McKen, 2017. "Organic coating on biochar explains its nutrient retention and stimulation of soil fertility," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Patrick Brassard & Stéphane Godbout & Vijaya Raghavan & Joahnn H. Palacios & Michèle Grenier & Dan Zegan, 2017. "The Production of Engineered Biochars in a Vertical Auger Pyrolysis Reactor for Carbon Sequestration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-15, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Waqas-ud-Din Khan & Rabia Shaukat & Muhammad Ansar Farooq & Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf & Faisal Nadeem & Mohsin Tanveer & Yasir Hamid & Nan Sun, 2022. "Iron-Doped Biochar Regulated Soil Nickel Adsorption, Wheat Growth, Its Physiology and Elemental Concentration under Contrasting Abiotic Stresses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Viola Hoffmann & Dennis Jung & Muhammad Jamal Alhnidi & Lukas Mackle & Andrea Kruse, 2020. "Bio-Based Carbon Materials from Potato Waste as Electrode Materials in Supercapacitors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-28, May.
    3. Piotr Wojewódzki & Joanna Lemanowicz & Bozena Debska & Samir A. Haddad & Erika Tobiasova, 2022. "The Application of Biochar from Waste Biomass to Improve Soil Fertility and Soil Enzyme Activity and Increase Carbon Sequestration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Louise Delahaye & John Thomas Hobson & Matthew Peter Rando & Brenna Sweeney & Avery Bernard Brown & Geoffrey Allen Tompsett & Ayten Ates & N. Aaron Deskins & Michael Thomas Timko, 2020. "Experimental and Computational Evaluation of Heavy Metal Cation Adsorption for Molecular Design of Hydrothermal Char," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-24, August.
    5. Mejdi Jeguirim & Lionel Limousy, 2019. "Biomass Chars: Elaboration, Characterization and Applications II," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-6, January.
    6. Mateusz Jackowski & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Magdalena Lech & Mateusz Wnukowski & Amit Arora & Monika Tkaczuk-Serafin & Marcin Baranowski & Krystian Krochmalny & Vivek K. Veetil & Przemysław Seruga & Anna, 2020. "HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Pablo J. Arauzo & María Atienza-Martínez & Javier Ábrego & Maciej P. Olszewski & Zebin Cao & Andrea Kruse, 2020. "Combustion Characteristics of Hydrochar and Pyrochar Derived from Digested Sewage Sludge," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    8. Kiran R. Parmar & Aaron E. Brown & James M. Hammerton & Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero & Louise A. Fletcher & Andrew B. Ross, 2022. "Co-Processing Lignocellulosic Biomass and Sewage Digestate by Hydrothermal Carbonisation: Influence of Blending on Product Quality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    9. Md Tahmid Islam & Al Ibtida Sultana & Cadianne Chambers & Swarna Saha & Nepu Saha & Kawnish Kirtania & M. Toufiq Reza, 2022. "Recent Progress on Emerging Applications of Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-45, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mejdi Jeguirim & Lionel Limousy, 2017. "Biomass Chars: Elaboration, Characterization and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Ye-Eun Lee & Jun-Ho Jo & I-Tae Kim & Yeong-Seok Yoo, 2017. "Chemical Characteristics and NaCl Component Behavior of Biochar Derived from the Salty Food Waste by Water Flushing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Shi-Xiang Zhao & Na Ta & Xu-Dong Wang, 2017. "Effect of Temperature on the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Biochar with Apple Tree Branches as Feedstock Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Ye-Eun Lee & Jun-Ho Jo & I-Tae Kim & Yeong-Seok Yoo, 2018. "Influence of NaCl Concentration on Food-Waste Biochar Structure and Templating Effects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    5. Daniele Basso & Elsa Weiss-Hortala & Francesco Patuzzi & Marco Baratieri & Luca Fiori, 2018. "In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-19, May.
    6. Ye-Eun Lee & Jun-Ho Jo & I-Tae Kim & Yeong-Seok Yoo, 2018. "Value-Added Performance and Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Dumped Food Waste Compost by Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, April.
    7. Intan Nazirah Mohammad & Clarence M. Ongkudon & Mailin Misson, 2020. "Physicochemical Properties and Lignin Degradation of Thermal-Pretreated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-12, November.
    8. Besma Khiari & Mejdi Jeguirim, 2018. "Pyrolysis of Grape Marc from Tunisian Wine Industry: Feedstock Characterization, Thermal Degradation and Kinetic Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-14, March.
    9. Jun-Ho Jo & Seung-Soo Kim & Jae-Wook Shim & Ye-Eun Lee & Yeong-Seok Yoo, 2017. "Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Food Wastes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-13, August.
    10. Xia Liu & Juntao Wei & Wei Huo & Guangsuo Yu, 2017. "Gasification under CO 2 –Steam Mixture: Kinetic Model Study Based on Shared Active Sites," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-10, November.
    11. Kai Lei & Buqing Ye & Jin Cao & Rui Zhang & Dong Liu, 2017. "Combustion Characteristics of Single Particles from Bituminous Coal and Pine Sawdust in O 2 /N 2 , O 2 /CO 2 , and O 2 /H 2 O Atmospheres," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-12, October.
    12. Leonardo Bianchini & Paolo Costa & Pier Paolo Dell’Omo & Andrea Colantoni & Massimo Cecchini & Danilo Monarca, 2021. "An Industrial Scale, Mechanical Process for Improving Pellet Quality and Biogas Production from Hazelnut and Olive Pruning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.
    13. María Pilar González-Vázquez & Roberto García & Covadonga Pevida & Fernando Rubiera, 2017. "Optimization of a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Plant for Low-Temperature Gasification of Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-16, March.
    14. Xie, Teng & Yao, Zonglu & Huo, Lili & Jia, Jixiu & Zhang, Peizhen & Tian, Liwei & Zhao, Lixin, 2023. "Characteristics of biochar derived from the co-pyrolysis of corn stalk and mulch film waste," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    15. Gyeong-Min Kim & Jong-Pil Kim & Kevin Yohanes Lisandy & Chung-Hwan Jeon, 2017. "Experimental Model Development of Oxygen-Enriched Combustion Kinetics on Porous Coal Char and Non-Porous Graphite," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-14, September.
    16. Francisco J. Ruiz-Rodríguez & Jesús C. Hernández & Francisco Jurado, 2017. "Probabilistic Load-Flow Analysis of Biomass-Fuelled Gas Engines with Electrical Vehicles in Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-23, October.
    17. Mukesh Kumar Soothar & Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani & Mahendar Kumar Sootahar & Jingsheng Sun & Gao Yang & Saleem Maseeh Bhatti & Adama Traore, 2021. "Assessment of Acidic Biochar on the Growth, Physiology and Nutrients Uptake of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Salinity Stress," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, March.
    18. Gyeong-Min Kim & Dae-Gyun Lee & Chung-Hwan Jeon, 2019. "Fundamental Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic Woody and Herbaceous Biomass Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
    19. Campuzano, Felipe & Brown, Robert C. & Martínez, Juan Daniel, 2019. "Auger reactors for pyrolysis of biomass and wastes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 372-409.
    20. Brassard, P. & Godbout, S. & Hamelin, L., 2021. "Framework for consequential life cycle assessment of pyrolysis biorefineries: A case study for the conversion of primary forestry residues," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:3:p:496-:d:133533. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.