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Production of Torrefied Solid Bio-Fuel from Pulp Industry Waste

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Huang

    (Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

  • Chia-Chi Chang

    (Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

  • Min-Hao Yuan

    (Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan)

  • Ching-Yuan Chang

    (Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
    Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

  • Chao-Hsiung Wu

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan)

  • Je-Lueng Shie

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan)

  • Yen-Hau Chen

    (Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

  • Yi-Hung Chen

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

  • Chungfang Ho

    (Department of International Business, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan)

  • Wei-Ren Chang

    (Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

  • Tzu-Yi Yang

    (Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

  • Far-Ching Lin

    (Department of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan)

Abstract

The pulp industry in Taiwan discharges tons of wood waste and pulp sludge (i.e., wastewater-derived secondary sludge) per year. The mixture of these two bio-wastes, denoted as wood waste with pulp sludge (WPS), has been commonly converted to organic fertilizers for agriculture application or to soil conditioners. However, due to energy demand, the WPS can be utilized in a beneficial way to mitigate an energy shortage. This study elucidated the performance of applying torrefaction, a bio-waste to energy method, to transform the WPS into solid bio-fuel. Two batches of the tested WPS (i.e., WPS1 and WPS2) were generated from a virgin pulp factory in eastern Taiwan. The WPS1 and WPS2 samples contained a large amount of organics and had high heating values (HHV) on a dry-basis (H HD ) of 18.30 and 15.72 MJ/kg, respectively, exhibiting a potential for their use as a solid bio-fuel. However, the wet WPS as received bears high water and volatile matter content and required de-watering, drying, and upgrading. After a 20 min torrefaction time (t T ), the H HD of torrefied WPS1 (WPST1) can be enhanced to 27.49 MJ/kg at a torrefaction temperature (T T ) of 573 K, while that of torrefied WPS2 (WPST2) increased to 19.74 MJ/kg at a T T of 593 K. The corresponding values of the energy densification ratio of torrefied solid bio-fuels of WPST1 and WPST2 can respectively rise to 1.50 and 1.25 times that of the raw bio-waste. The H HD of WPST1 of 27.49 MJ/kg is within the range of 24–35 MJ/kg for bituminous coal. In addition, the wet-basis HHV of WPST1 with an equilibrium moisture content of 5.91 wt % is 25.87 MJ/kg, which satisfies the Quality D coal specification of the Taiwan Power Co. requiring a value of above 20.92 MJ/kg.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Huang & Chia-Chi Chang & Min-Hao Yuan & Ching-Yuan Chang & Chao-Hsiung Wu & Je-Lueng Shie & Yen-Hau Chen & Yi-Hung Chen & Chungfang Ho & Wei-Ren Chang & Tzu-Yi Yang & Far-Ching Lin, 2017. "Production of Torrefied Solid Bio-Fuel from Pulp Industry Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:7:p:910-:d:103466
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Min-Hao Yuan & Chia-Chi Chang & Tsung-Chi Hsu & Je-Lueng Shie & Yi-Hung Chen & Ching-Yuan Chang & Cheng-Fang Lin & Chang-Ping Yu & Chao-Hsiung Wu & Manh Van Do & Far-Ching Lin & Duu-Jong Lee & Bo-Lian, 2021. "A Technical Analysis of Solid Recovered Fuel from Torrefied Jatropha Seed Residue via a Two-Stage Mechanical Screw Press and Solvent Extraction Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Adrian Knapczyk & Sławomir Francik & Marcin Jewiarz & Agnieszka Zawiślak & Renata Francik, 2020. "Thermal Treatment of Biomass: A Bibliometric Analysis—The Torrefaction Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-31, December.
    3. Wilhelm Jan Tic & Joanna Guziałowska-Tic & Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Eugeniusz Woźnikowski & Adam Zadorożny & Łukasz Niedźwiecki & Mateusz Wnukowski & Krystian Krochmalny & Michał Czerep & Michał Ostryc, 2018. "Novel Concept of an Installation for Sustainable Thermal Utilization of Sewage Sludge," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Mateusz Wnukowski & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Michał Czerep & Mateusz Kowal & Krystian Krochmalny & Jacek Zgóra & Michał Ostrycharczyk & Marcin Baranowski & Wilhelm Jan Tic & Joanna, 2019. "Torrefaction as a Valorization Method Used Prior to the Gasification of Sewage Sludge," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Anna Brunerová & Hynek Roubík & Milan Brožek & David Herák & Vladimír Šleger & Jana Mazancová, 2017. "Potential of Tropical Fruit Waste Biomass for Production of Bio-Briquette Fuel: Using Indonesia as an Example," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
    6. Hsu, Tsung-Chi & Chang, Chia-Chi & Yuan, Min-Hao & Chang, Ching-Yuan & Chen, Yi-Hung & Lin, Cheng-Fang & Ji, Dar-Ren & Shie, Je-Lueng & Manh, Do Van & Wu, Chao-Hsiung & Chiang, Sheng-Wei & Lin, Far-Ch, 2018. "Upgrading of Jatropha-seed residue after mechanical extraction of oil via torrefaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 773-781.

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