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Frequency Control Ancillary Service Provided by Efficient Power Plants Integrated in Queuing-Controlled Domestic Water Heaters

Author

Listed:
  • Yebai Qi

    (Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

  • Dan Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

  • Xuyang Wang

    (State Power Economic Research Institute, Changping District, Beijing 102209, China)

  • Hongjie Jia

    (Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

  • Tianjiao Pu

    (China Electric Power Research Institute, Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Naishi Chen

    (China Electric Power Research Institute, Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Kaixin Liu

    (Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

Abstract

Frequency is an important parameter of a power system. It is of great significance to maintain its stability, especially in the current development scenario of large-scale interconnected power systems. Thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) are good controllable resources for demand response owing to their rapid response capabilities and relatively wide controllable ranges. In this study, domestic water heaters, which have wider deadbands compared with other typical TCAs, such as heat pumps, are used as frequency regulation resources. The main contribution of this paper is that it proposes a queuing-controlled strategy with lock-on and off constraints for controlling an efficient power plant consisting of water heaters (EPP-WH). The queuing-controlled strategy enables TCAs to provide frequency regulation ancillary service for the normal operation of the power system. The thermal dynamic process of the water heater and the formation of the EPP-WH are first discussed. Based on the developed model, a series of strategies are proposed, including load shedding calculation, top layer optimization, and improved temperature priority list (TPL) strategy with lock-on and off constraints. Finally, typical case studies are discussed to illustrate the frequency regulation effects and the effects of two characteristic parameters—users’ willingness and lock time limits. Reasonable targets are generated based on various consideration from top layer optimization module. The results indicate that using the model and proposed strategies, the EPP-WH has good frequency regulation performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Yebai Qi & Dan Wang & Xuyang Wang & Hongjie Jia & Tianjiao Pu & Naishi Chen & Kaixin Liu, 2017. "Frequency Control Ancillary Service Provided by Efficient Power Plants Integrated in Queuing-Controlled Domestic Water Heaters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:4:p:559-:d:96232
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, D. & Parkinson, S. & Miao, W. & Jia, H. & Crawford, C. & Djilali, N., 2012. "Online voltage security assessment considering comfort-constrained demand response control of distributed heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 104-114.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tsybina, Eve & Winstead, Chris & Ollis, Ben & Olama, Mohammed & Kuruganti, Teja, 2025. "Demand response for frequency regulation: Research continuity and knowledge gaps," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    2. Zhaojing Yin & Yanbo Che & Dezhi Li & Huanan Liu & Dongmin Yu, 2017. "Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Domestic Electric Water Heaters Based on the Temperature State Priority List," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Muhammad Saeed Uz Zaman & Syed Basit Ali Bukhari & Khalid Mousa Hazazi & Zunaib Maqsood Haider & Raza Haider & Chul-Hwan Kim, 2018. "Frequency Response Analysis of a Single-Area Power System with a Modified LFC Model Considering Demand Response and Virtual Inertia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Ana Fernández-Guillamón & Guillermo Martínez-Lucas & Ángel Molina-García & Jose Ignacio Sarasua, 2020. "An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-19, July.
    5. Rahmat Khezri & Arman Oshnoei & Mehrdad Tarafdar Hagh & SM Muyeen, 2018. "Coordination of Heat Pumps, Electric Vehicles and AGC for Efficient LFC in a Smart Hybrid Power System via SCA-Based Optimized FOPID Controllers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Yao Yao & Peichao Zhang & Sijie Chen, 2019. "Aggregating Large-Scale Generalized Energy Storages to Participate in the Energy and Regulation Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-22, March.

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