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Wind Farm Wake: The 2016 Horns Rev Photo Case

Author

Listed:
  • Charlotte Bay Hasager

    (Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Nicolai Gayle Nygaard

    (DONG Energy A/S, Kraftværksvej 53, 7000 Fredericia, Denmark)

  • Patrick J. H. Volker

    (Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Ioanna Karagali

    (Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Søren Juhl Andersen

    (Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Jake Badger

    (Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

Abstract

Offshore wind farm wakes were observed and photographed in foggy conditions at Horns Rev 2 on 25 January 2016 at 12:45 UTC. These new images show highly contrasting conditions regarding the wind speed, turbulence intensity, atmospheric stability, weather conditions and wind farm wake development as compared to the Horns Rev 1 photographs from 12 February 2008. The paper examines the atmospheric conditions from satellite images, radiosondes, lidar and wind turbine data and compares the observations to results from atmospheric meso-scale modelling and large eddy simulation. Key findings are that a humid and warm air mass was advected from the southwest over cold sea and the dew-point temperature was such that cold-water advection fog formed in a shallow layer. The flow was stably stratified and the freestream wind speed was 13 m/s at hub height, which means that most turbines produced at or near rated power. The wind direction was southwesterly and long, narrow wakes persisted several rotor diameters downwind of the wind turbines. Eventually mixing of warm air from aloft dispersed the fog in the far wake region of the wind farm.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotte Bay Hasager & Nicolai Gayle Nygaard & Patrick J. H. Volker & Ioanna Karagali & Søren Juhl Andersen & Jake Badger, 2017. "Wind Farm Wake: The 2016 Horns Rev Photo Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-24, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:3:p:317-:d:92383
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kiran Bhaganagar & Mithu Debnath, 2014. "Implications of Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence on the Near-Wake Structure of Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-24, September.
    2. Wu, Yu-Ting & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2015. "Modeling turbine wakes and power losses within a wind farm using LES: An application to the Horns Rev offshore wind farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 945-955.
    3. Charlotte Bay Hasager & Pauline Vincent & Jake Badger & Merete Badger & Alessandro Di Bella & Alfredo Peña & Romain Husson & Patrick J. H. Volker, 2015. "Using Satellite SAR to Characterize the Wind Flow around Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-27, June.
    4. Charlotte Bay Hasager & Leif Rasmussen & Alfredo Peña & Leo E. Jensen & Pierre-Elouan Réthoré, 2013. "Wind Farm Wake: The Horns Rev Photo Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-21, February.
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    Cited by:

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    4. Kevin A. Adkins & Adrian Sescu, 2022. "Wind Farms and Humidity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, April.

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