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How Wood Fuels’ Quality Relates to the Standards: A Class-Modelling Approach

Author

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  • Michela Zanetti

    (Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Laboratorio Analisi BioCombustibili, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy)

  • Corrado Costa

    (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l’Ingegneria e le Trasformazioni Agro-alimentari (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy)

  • Rosa Greco

    (Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Laboratorio Analisi BioCombustibili, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy)

  • Stefano Grigolato

    (Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Laboratorio Analisi BioCombustibili, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy)

  • Giovanna Ottaviani Aalmo

    (Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Pb 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway)

  • Raffaele Cavalli

    (Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Laboratorio Analisi BioCombustibili, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy)

Abstract

The quality requirements of wood biofuels are regulated by a series of harmonized international standards. These standards define the technical parameter limits that influence the quality of solid biomass as a fuel. In 2014 the European reference standard for solid biofuel was replaced by the International ISO standard. In the case of wood chips, the main difference between the European and International standards is the definition of particle size distribution classes. In this context, this study analyses the quality of wood chips and its variation over the years according to the “former” (EN 14691-4) and “in force” (ISO 17225-4) standards. A Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) model was built to predict the best quality of wood chips and to clarify the relationship between quality and standard parameters, time and changes in the standard regulations. The results show that, compared to the EN standards, classification with the ISO standards increases the samples belonging to the best quality classes and decreases the not classified samples. Furthermore, all the SIMCA models have a high sensitivity (>90%), reflect the differences introduced to the quality standards and are therefore suitable for monitoring the quality of wood chips and their changes.

Suggested Citation

  • Michela Zanetti & Corrado Costa & Rosa Greco & Stefano Grigolato & Giovanna Ottaviani Aalmo & Raffaele Cavalli, 2017. "How Wood Fuels’ Quality Relates to the Standards: A Class-Modelling Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:10:p:1455-:d:112641
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Sharifah Mohammad & Siti Baidurah & Naofumi Kamimura & Seitaro Matsuda & Nurul Alia Syufina Abu Bakar & Nik Nur Izzati Muhamad & Aizat Hisham Ahmad & Debbie Dominic & Takaomi Kobayashi, 2021. "Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in the Presence of Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to Produce Alternative Biomass Fuel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Dinko Vusić & Filip Vujanić & Karlo Pešić & Branimir Šafran & Vanja Jurišić & Željko Zečić, 2021. "Variability of Normative Properties of Wood Chips and Implications to Quality Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, June.

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