IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v12y2024i12p317-d1526461.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Shifts in the Boot: Understanding Inequality’s Impact on Interregional Migration Patterns in Italy

Author

Listed:
  • Giacomo Di Pasquale

    (Nicolais School of Business, Wagner College, New York, NY 10103, USA)

  • Elisa Parazzi

    (Nicolais School of Business, Wagner College, New York, NY 10103, USA)

Abstract

Italy has long experienced a significant developmental gap between its northern and southern regions, with the latter being less developed. The 2007–2008 financial crisis accentuated this gap, leading to distinct patterns of interregional migration. This paper aims to investigate the effects of past migration flows and income inequality on interregional mobility in Italy, using a gravity model with bidirectional dyads and three different measures of inequality as dependent variables: Gini Index, Relative Poverty, and Income Ratio. Previous research has shown that living in highly unequal regions is associated with increased mistrust and anxiety about social status, contributing to unhappiness among residents. Using bilateral gross migration flows for the period 2007–2018, the study aims to control for the potential endogeneity between interregional mobility and inequality. The results indicate a positive relationship between high levels of inequality and interregional out-mobility, underscoring the need for policies aimed at reducing both horizontal and vertical inequality within and among Italian regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Giacomo Di Pasquale & Elisa Parazzi, 2024. "Shifts in the Boot: Understanding Inequality’s Impact on Interregional Migration Patterns in Italy," Economies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:12:y:2024:i:12:p:317-:d:1526461
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/12/12/317/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/12/12/317/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Musolino Dario, 2018. "The North-South Divide in Italy: Reality or Perception?," European Spatial Research and Policy, Sciendo, vol. 25(1), pages 29-53, June.
    2. Lidia Ceriani & Paolo Verme, 2012. "The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 10(3), pages 421-443, September.
    3. Jerry A. Hausman & Whitney K. Newey & Tiemen Woutersen & John C. Chao & Norman R. Swanson, 2012. "Instrumental variable estimation with heteroskedasticity and many instruments," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 3(2), pages 211-255, July.
    4. Juan Pablo Juarez, 2000. "Analysis of Interregional Labor Migration in Spain Using Gross Flows," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(2), pages 377-399, May.
    5. George J. Borjas, 2021. "Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Foundational Essays in Immigration Economics, chapter 4, pages 69-91, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Karl Widerquist, 2018. "A Critical Analysis of Basic Income Experiments for Researchers, Policymakers, and Citizens," Exploring the Basic Income Guarantee, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-3-030-03849-6, March.
    7. Greenwood, Michael J, 1975. "Research on Internal Migration in the United States: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 13(2), pages 397-433, June.
    8. Ivan Etzo, 2011. "The Determinants Of The Recent Interregional Migration Flows In Italy: A Panel Data Analysis," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(5), pages 948-966, December.
    9. Luisa GAGLIARDI & Marco PERCOCO, 2011. "Regional Disparities In Italy Over The Long Run: The Role Of Human Capital And Trade Policy," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 33, pages 81-105.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Clemente, Jesús & Larramona, Gemma & Olmos, Lorena, 2013. "Interregional migration and thresholds: evidence in Spain," MPRA Paper 47631, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Sascha Sardadvar & Elena Vakulenko, 2016. "Interregional Migration Within Russia And Its East-West Divide: Evidence From Spatial Panel Regressions," Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 123-141, July.
    3. Davide Fiaschi & Cristina Tealdi, 2018. "Some Stylized Facts on Italian Inter-regional Migration," Discussion Papers 2018/231, Dipartimento di Economia e Management (DEM), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
    4. Jonathan Eyer & Robert Dinterman & Noah Miller & Adam Rose, 2018. "The Effect of Disasters on Migration Destinations: Evidence from Hurricane Katrina," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 91-106, April.
    5. Bratsberg, Bernt, 1995. "The incidence of non-return among foreign students in the United States," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 373-384, December.
    6. Consuelo Abellán-Colodrón, 1998. "Ganancia salarial esperada como determinante de la decisión individual de emigrar," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 22(1), pages 93-117, January.
    7. Christian Bayer & Falko Juessen, 2012. "On the Dynamics of Interstate Migration: Migration Costs and Self-Selection," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 15(3), pages 377-401, July.
    8. Hernán Enríquez Sierra & Jacobo Campo Robledo, 2013. "Regional equilibrium and migration patterns in the Americas 1960-2005: Spatial data panel analysis," Working Papers 10478, Universidad Sergio Arboleda.
    9. Jens Ruhose, 2015. "Microeconometric Analyses on Economic Consequences of Selective Migration," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 61.
    10. Hernán Enriquez Sierra & Jacobo Campo Robledo, 2012. "Equilibrio regional y patrones de migración para el continente americano 1960 - 2005: Análisis espacial por panel de datos," Documentos de Trabajo 10388, Universidad Católica de Colombia.
    11. Brian Cushing & Jacques Poot, 2004. "Crossing boundaries and borders: Regional science advances in migration modelling," Advances in Spatial Science, in: Raymond J. G. M. Florax & David A. Plane (ed.), Fifty Years of Regional Science, pages 317-338, Springer.
    12. Chein, Flávia & Assunção, Juliano Junqueira & Lemos, Mauro Borges, 2009. "Custos de Transporte, Urbanização e Desenvolvimento: Evidências a Partir da Criação de Cidades," Revista Brasileira de Economia - RBE, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil), vol. 63(3), August.
    13. Sascha Sardadvar & Elena Vakulenko, 2017. "A model of interregional migration under the presence of natural resources: theory and evidence from Russia," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 59(2), pages 535-569, September.
    14. Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose & Vassilis Tselios, 2010. "Returns to migration, education and externalities in the European Union," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 89(2), pages 411-434, June.
    15. Zheren WU, 2008. "Self-selection and Earnings of Migrants: Evidence from Rural China," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business 08-25, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics.
    16. George J. Borjas, 1991. "Immigration and Self-Selection," NBER Chapters, in: Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market, pages 29-76, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Marco Cintio & Emanuele Grassi, 2017. "International mobility and wages: an analysis of Italian Ph.D. graduates," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 59(3), pages 759-791, November.
    18. Anil Rupasingha & Yongzheng Liu & Mark Partridge, 2015. "Rural Bound: Determinants of Metro to Non-Metro Migration in the United States," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 97(3), pages 680-700.
    19. Cansu Unver, 2015. "Does Broadband Facilitate Immigration Flows?," Discussion Papers 15-01, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham.
    20. Partha Deb & Papa Seck, 2009. "Internal Migration, Selection Bias and Human Development: Evidence from Indonesia and Mexico," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2009-31, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), revised Jul 2009.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:12:y:2024:i:12:p:317-:d:1526461. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.