IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jcltec/v4y2022i3p40-668d860616.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Thermochemical Conversion Processes as a Path for Sustainability of the Tire Industry: Carbon Black Recovery Potential in a Circular Economy Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Leonel J. R. Nunes

    (PROMETHEUS, Unidade de Investigação em Materiais, Energia e Ambiente para a Sustentabilidade, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
    DEGEIT, Departamento de Economia, Gestão, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    GOVCOPP, Unidade de Investigação em Governança, Competitividade e Políticas Públicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Laura Guimarães

    (CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões/Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal)

  • Miguel Oliveira

    (CESAM, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Peter Kille

    (School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK)

  • Nuno G. C. Ferreira

    (CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões/Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
    School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK)

Abstract

The common use of tires is responsible for the production of large quantities of waste worldwide, which are landfilled or energetically recovered, with higher economical cost and known environmentally harmful consequences. This type of problem must be studied, and all efforts must be conducted to eliminate, or at least mitigate, such high costs. The use of thermochemical conversion processes, such as pyrolysis, can allow the recycling and the reuse of raw materials for the tire industry, namely, in the production of carbon black, usually produced using the controlled combustion of fossil fuels. This article reports the production of torrefied and carbonized waste tire samples using a laboratorial procedure, and their subsequent laboratory characterization, specifically the elemental and proximate analysis. This preliminary approach found that carbon concentration in the produced rubber char reached values higher than 75%, indicating the possibility of its reuse in the production of carbon black to in turn be used in the production of new tires or other industrial rubber materials. The possibility of using this rubber char for other uses, such as energy recovery, is still depending on further studies, namely, the evaluation of the amount of sulfur present in the final product.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonel J. R. Nunes & Laura Guimarães & Miguel Oliveira & Peter Kille & Nuno G. C. Ferreira, 2022. "Thermochemical Conversion Processes as a Path for Sustainability of the Tire Industry: Carbon Black Recovery Potential in a Circular Economy Approach," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:4:y:2022:i:3:p:40-668:d:860616
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/4/3/40/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/4/3/40/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zahra Ghasemzadeh & Ahmad Sadeghieh & Davood Shishebori, 2021. "A stochastic multi-objective closed-loop global supply chain concerning waste management: a case study of the tire industry," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 5794-5821, April.
    2. Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto & Luiz Eduardo Carvalho Chaves & Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto & José Carlos Curvelo Santana & Marlene Paula Castro Amorim & Mário Jorge Ferreira Rodrigues, 2019. "Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits of Adoption of Pyrolysis Process of Tires: A Feasible and Ecofriendly Mode to Reduce the Impacts of Scrap Tires in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Pedro Mora & Arturo Alarcón & Laura Sánchez-Martín & Bernardo Llamas, 2021. "Biomass Content in Scrap Tires and Its Use as Sustainable Energy Resource: A CO 2 Mitigation Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, March.
    4. Policella, Matteo & Wang, Zhiwei & Burra, Kiran. G. & Gupta, Ashwani K., 2019. "Characteristics of syngas from pyrolysis and CO2-assisted gasification of waste tires," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    5. Luca Adami & Marco Schiavon, 2021. "From Circular Economy to Circular Ecology: A Review on the Solution of Environmental Problems through Circular Waste Management Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Zabaniotou, A. & Theofilou, C., 2008. "Green energy at cement kiln in Cyprus--Use of sewage sludge as a conventional fuel substitute," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 531-541, February.
    7. M. N. Uddin & Kuaanan Techato & Juntakan Taweekun & Md Mofijur Rahman & M. G. Rasul & T. M. I. Mahlia & S. M. Ashrafur, 2018. "An Overview of Recent Developments in Biomass Pyrolysis Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. M. Mofijur & F. Kusumo & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & H. M. Mahmudul & M. G. Rasul & A. H. Shamsuddin & T. M. I. Mahlia, 2020. "Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Song, Weiming & Zhou, Jianan & Li, Yujie & Yang, Jian & Cheng, Rijin, 2021. "New technology for producing high-quality combustible gas by high-temperature reaction of dust-removal coke powder in mixed atmosphere," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    3. Mahlia, T.M.I. & Syazmi, Z.A.H.S. & Mofijur, M. & Abas, A.E. Pg & Bilad, M.R. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Silitonga, A.S., 2020. "Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    4. Kasun Pathiraja & Helitha Nilmalgoda & Isuru Wijethunga & Kaveenga Koswattage, 2025. "Sustainable Management of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Waste Through Pyrolysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Syed-Hassan, Syed Shatir A. & Wang, Yi & Hu, Song & Su, Sheng & Xiang, Jun, 2017. "Thermochemical processing of sewage sludge to energy and fuel: Fundamentals, challenges and considerations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 888-913.
    6. Marcos Geraldo Gomes & Victor Hugo Carlquist da Silva & Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto & Plinio Centoamore & Salvatore Digiesi & Francesco Facchini & Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto, 2020. "Economic, Environmental and Social Gains of the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence at Dam Operations toward Industry 4.0 Principles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, April.
    7. Gabriella Esposito De Vita & Cristina Visconti & Gantuya Ganbat & Marina Rigillo, 2023. "A Collaborative Approach for Triggering Environmental Awareness: The 3Rs for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Ulaanbaatar (3R4UB)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-24, September.
    8. Ponomareva, Ekaterina (Пономарева, Екатерина) & Magomedov, Rustam (Магомедов, Рустам), 2017. "Non-Tariff Measures and the Structure of Trade Flows [Нетарифные Меры И Структура Торговых Потоков]," Working Papers 051704, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    9. Waheed A. Rasaq & Mateusz Golonka & Miklas Scholz & Andrzej Białowiec, 2021. "Opportunities and Challenges of High-Pressure Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-20, August.
    10. Magdalena Matusiak & Radosław Ślęzak & Stanisław Ledakowicz, 2020. "Thermogravimetric Kinetics of Selected Energy Crops Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-15, August.
    11. Vito Imbrenda & Rosa Coluzzi & Francesca Mariani & Bogdana Nosova & Eva Cudlinova & Rosanna Salvia & Giovanni Quaranta & Luca Salvati & Maria Lanfredi, 2023. "Working in (Slow) Progress: Socio-Environmental and Economic Dynamics in the Forestry Sector and the Contribution to Sustainable Development in Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    12. Anna Matuszewska & Marlena Owczuk & Krzysztof Biernat, 2022. "Current Trends in Waste Plastics’ Liquefaction into Fuel Fraction: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-32, April.
    13. Chunlin Xin & Jie Wang & Ziping Wang & Chia-Huei Wu & Muhammad Nawaz & Sang-Bing Tsai, 2022. "Reverse logistics research of municipal hazardous waste: a literature review," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1495-1531, February.
    14. Zhang, Menghui & Qi, Yongfeng & Zhang, Wan & Wang, Meiting & Li, Jingyi & Lu, Yi & Zhang, Sheng & He, Jiazheng & Cao, Hao & Tao, Xuan & Xu, Hanlu & Zhang, Sheng, 2024. "A review on waste tires pyrolysis for energy and material recovery from the optimization perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    15. Ni, Zhanshi & Liu, Xiang & Shi, Hao & Tian, Junjian & Yao, Yurou & Hu, Peng & He, Liqun & Meng, Kesheng & Lin, Qizhao, 2024. "Interaction mechanism and pollutant emission characteristics of sewage sludge and corncob co-combustion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    16. Liu, Xuan & Burra, Kiran G. & Wang, Zhiwei & Li, Jinhu & Che, Defu & Gupta, Ashwani K., 2020. "On deconvolution for understanding synergistic effects in co-pyrolysis of pinewood and polypropylene," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    17. Flavio Guerhardt & Thadeu Alfredo Farias Silva & Felix Martin Carbajal Gamarra & Silvestre Eduardo Rocha Ribeiro Júnior & Segundo Alberto Vásquez Llanos & Ada Patricia Barturén Quispe & Milton Vieira , 2020. "A Smart Grid System for Reducing Energy Consumption and Energy Cost in Buildings in São Paulo, Brazil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-22, July.
    18. Ooi, Xian Yih & Gao, Wei & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Lee, Hwei Voon & Juan, Joon Ching & Chen, Wei Hsin & Lee, Keat Teong, 2019. "Overview on catalytic deoxygenation for biofuel synthesis using metal oxide supported catalysts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 834-852.
    19. Kan, Tao & Strezov, Vladimir & Evans, Tim & He, Jing & Kumar, Ravinder & Lu, Qiang, 2020. "Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A review of variations in process factors and system structure," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    20. Wang, Chu & Ding, Haozhi & Zhang, Yiming & Zhu, Xifeng, 2020. "Analysis of property variation and stability on the aging of bio-oil from fractional condensation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 720-728.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:4:y:2022:i:3:p:40-668:d:860616. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.