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Removing Gaseous NH 3 Using Biochar as an Adsorbent

Author

Listed:
  • Kyoung S. Ro

    (USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA)

  • Isabel M. Lima

    (USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA)

  • Guidqopuram B. Reddy

    (Department of Natural Resources, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA)

  • Michael A. Jackson

    (USDA-ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA)

  • Bin Gao

    (Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

Abstract

Ammonia is a major fugitive gas emitted from livestock operations and fertilization production. This study tested the potential of various biochars in removing gaseous ammonia via adsorption processes. Gaseous ammonia adsorption capacities of various biochars made from wood shaving and chicken litter with different thermal conditions and activation techniques were determined using laboratory adsorption column tests. Ammonia adsorption capacities of non-activated biochars ranged from 0.15 to 5.09 mg·N/g, which were comparable to that of other commercial activated carbon and natural zeolite. There were no significant differences in ammonia adsorption capacities of steam activated and non-activated biochars even if the surface areas of the steam activated biochars were about two orders of magnitude greater than that of non-activated biochars. In contrast, phosphoric acid activation greatly increased the biochar ammonia adsorption capacity. This suggests that the surface area of biochar did not readily control gaseous NH 3 adsorption. Ammonia adsorption capacities were more or less linearly increased with acidic oxygen surface groups of non-activated and steam-activated biochars. Phosphoric acid bound to the acid activated biochars is suspected to contribute to the exceptionally high ammonia adsorption capacity. The sorption capacities of virgin and water-washed biochar samples were not different, suggesting the potential to regenerate spent biochar simply with water instead of energy- and capital-intensive steam. The results of this study suggest that non-activated biochars can successfully replace commercial activated carbon in removing gaseous ammonia and the removal efficiency will greatly increase if the biochars are activated with phosphoric acid.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyoung S. Ro & Isabel M. Lima & Guidqopuram B. Reddy & Michael A. Jackson & Bin Gao, 2015. "Removing Gaseous NH 3 Using Biochar as an Adsorbent," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:5:y:2015:i:4:p:991-1002:d:56616
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Unknown, 2011. "2011 Annual Agricultural Outlook," Staff Paper Series 100914, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
    2. Isabel M. Lima & Kyoung S. Ro & G. B. Reddy & Debbie L. Boykin & Kjell T. Klasson, 2015. "Efficacy of Chicken Litter and Wood Biochars and Their Activated Counterparts in Heavy Metal Clean up from Wastewater," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Schramski, J.R. & Rutz, Z.J. & Gattie, D.K. & Li, K., 2011. "Trophically balanced sustainable agriculture," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 88-96.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chibi A. Takaya & Kiran R. Parmar & Louise A. Fletcher & Andrew B. Ross, 2019. "Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Trapping Ammonia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Devin L. Maurer & Jacek A. Koziel & Kajetan Kalus & Daniel S. Andersen & Sebastian Opalinski, 2017. "Pilot-Scale Testing of Non-Activated Biochar for Swine Manure Treatment and Mitigation of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-17, June.

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