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Bioremediation of Battery Scrap Waste Contaminated Soils Using Coco Grass ( Cyperus rotundus L.): A Prediction Modeling Study for Cadmium and Lead Phytoextraction

Author

Listed:
  • Arwa A. AL-Huqail

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mostafa A. Taher

    (Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ivan Širić

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Madhumita Goala

    (Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India)

  • Bashir Adelodun

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin 240103, Nigeria
    Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

  • Kyung Sook Choi

    (Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

  • Piyush Kumar

    (Department of Science, Vivek College of Education, Moradabad Road, Bijnor 246701, India)

  • Vinod Kumar

    (Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, India)

  • Pankaj Kumar

    (Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, India)

  • Ebrahem M. Eid

    (Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt)

Abstract

With the increasing demand for electronic devices that use batteries, e-waste is also becoming a major threat to the environment. Battery e-waste contains hazardous heavy metals that affect the health of the soil ecosystem. Thus, the present study evaluates the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) phytoextraction potential of coco grass ( Cyperus rotundus L.) grown in soils contaminated with battery scrap waste (BSW). Pot experiments were conducted to grow C. rotundus under different treatments (0%: control, T1: 1%, T2: 2%, T3: 3%, and T4: 4%) of BSW mixed with soil ( w / w ). The results showed that BSW mixing significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the physicochemical properties and heavy metal (Cd and Pb) content in the soil. BSW mixing resulted in a reduction in growth and biochemical traits of C. rotundus and an increase in oxidative stress enzymes with an increase in BSW dose. The Pearson correlation studies also showed that soil HM concentration had a negative influence on the growth and biochemical parameters of C. rotundus . The bioaccumulation and translocation factor analysis showed that C. rotundus was a hyperaccumulator plant with a maximum accumulation of Cd and Pb (38.81 and 109.06 mg·kg −1 ) in root parts followed by the whole plant (277.43 and 76.10 mg·kg −1 ) and shoot (21.30 and 22.65 mg·kg −1 ) parts. Moreover, predictive models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches were developed for Cd and Pb uptake by C. rotundus . Mathematical modeling results showed that soil properties were useful to construct quality MLR and ANN models with good determination coefficient ( R 2 > 0.98), model efficiency (ME > 0.99), and low root mean square error (RMSE < 5.72). However, the fitness results of the ANN models performed better compared with those of the MLR models. Overall, this study presents an efficient and sustainable strategy to eradicate hazardous HMs by growing C. rotundus on BSW-contaminated soils and reducing its environmental and health consequences.

Suggested Citation

  • Arwa A. AL-Huqail & Mostafa A. Taher & Ivan Širić & Madhumita Goala & Bashir Adelodun & Kyung Sook Choi & Piyush Kumar & Vinod Kumar & Pankaj Kumar & Ebrahem M. Eid, 2023. "Bioremediation of Battery Scrap Waste Contaminated Soils Using Coco Grass ( Cyperus rotundus L.): A Prediction Modeling Study for Cadmium and Lead Phytoextraction," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:7:p:1411-:d:1195186
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kumar, Pankaj & Kumar, Vinod & Singh, Jogendra & Kumar, Piyush, 2021. "Electrokinetic assisted anaerobic digestion of spent mushroom substrate supplemented with sugar mill wastewater for enhanced biogas production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 418-426.
    2. Yangyang Wang & Shaofeng Li & Xiaoshu Wang & Jianfeng Xu & Tongtong Li & Jia Zhu & Ruyue Yang & Jinsheng Wang & Ming Chang & Lei Wang, 2021. "Biochelator Assisted Phytoremediation for Cadmium (Cd) Pollution in Paddy Field," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Wei-Yang Chiou & Fu-Chiun Hsu, 2019. "Copper Toxicity and Prediction Models of Copper Content in Leafy Vegetables," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-18, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pankaj Kumar & Vinod Kumar, 2024. "Preface to the Special Issue “Agricultural Environmental Pollution, Risk Assessment, and Control”," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-3, January.

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