IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jagris/v12y2022i6p741-d822840.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Rice for Food Security: Revisiting Its Production, Diversity, Rice Milling Process and Nutrient Content

Author

Listed:
  • Nur Atikah Mohidem

    (Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Norhashila Hashim

    (Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
    SMART Farming Technology Research Centre (SFTRC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Rosnah Shamsudin

    (Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
    Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Hasfalina Che Man

    (Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

Rice is food consumed regularly and is vital for the food security of over half the world’s population. Rice production on a global scale is predicted to rise by 58 to 567 million tonnes (Mt) by 2030. Rice contains a significant number of calories and a wide variety of essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional values. Its nutrients are superior to those found in maize, wheat, and potatoes. It is also recognised as a great source of vitamin E and B5 as well as carbohydrates, thiamine, calcium, folate, and iron. Phytic acid and phenols are among the phenolic compounds found in rice, alongside sterols, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthocyanins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and oryzanol. These compounds have been positively linked to antioxidant properties and have been shown to help prevent cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review examines recent global rice production, selected varieties, consumption, ending stocks, and the composition of rice grains and their nutritional values. This review also includes a new method of paddy storage, drying, and grading of rice. Finally, the environmental impacts concerning rice cultivation are discussed, along with the obstacles that must be overcome and the current policy directions of rice-producing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Nur Atikah Mohidem & Norhashila Hashim & Rosnah Shamsudin & Hasfalina Che Man, 2022. "Rice for Food Security: Revisiting Its Production, Diversity, Rice Milling Process and Nutrient Content," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-28, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:6:p:741-:d:822840
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/6/741/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/6/741/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Muhammad Suleman & Muhammad Zafar & Ashfaq Ahmed & Muhammad Usman Rashid & Sadiq Hussain & Abdul Razzaq & Nur Atikah Mohidem & Tahir Fazal & Bilal Haider & Young-Kwon Park, 2021. "Castor Leaves-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Safranin from Textile Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Wopereis, Marco, 2018. "Tapping the nutritional power of vegetables," 2018: Reshaping Agriculture for Better Nutrition-The Agriculture, Food, Nutrition, Health Nexus, 13-14 August 2018 283198, Crawford Fund.
    3. Marina Carcea, 2021. "Value of Wholegrain Rice in a Healthy Human Nutrition," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-11, July.
    4. Ashish Manandhar & Paschal Milindi & Ajay Shah, 2018. "An Overview of the Post-Harvest Grain Storage Practices of Smallholder Farmers in Developing Countries," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Samal, P. & Babu, S., 2018. "The shape of rice agriculture towards 2050," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277550, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Tatsuji Koizumi & Stephan Hubertus Gay & Gen Furuhashi, 2021. "Reviewing Indica and Japonica rice market developments," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 154, OECD Publishing.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zehua Li & Xiaola Wu & Xicheng Wang & Haimin Zhong & Jiongtao Chen & Xu Ma, 2022. "Measurement and Analysis of Contribution Rate for China Rice Input Factors via a Varying-Coefficient Production Function Model," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Paris, Enrico & Carnevale, Monica & Guerriero, Ettore & Palma, Adriano & Vincenti, Beatrice & Khalid, Asma & Rantica, Elena & Proto, Andrea R. & Gallucci, Francesco, 2023. "Fixed source monitoring system for marker emission during biomass combustion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 597-603.
    3. W. A. M. A. N. Illankoon & Chiara Milanese & Maria Cristina Collivignarelli & Sabrina Sorlini, 2023. "Value Chain Analysis of Rice Industry by Products in a Circular Economy Context: A Review," Waste, MDPI, vol. 1(2), pages 1-37, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Farfan, Javier & Lohrmann, Alena & Breyer, Christian, 2019. "Integration of greenhouse agriculture to the energy infrastructure as an alimentary solution," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 368-377.
    2. Filippos Bantis & Ioanna Chatzigeorgiou & Michail Sismanis & Georgios K. Ntinas & Athanasios Koukounaras, 2024. "Vegetable Production in PFALs: Control of Micro-Environmental Factors, Principal Components and Automated Systems," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Tiffanie F. Stone & Janette R. Thompson & Kurt A. Rosentrater & Ajay Nair, 2021. "A Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Vegetables in Large-, Mid-, and Small-Scale Food Systems in the Midwest US," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-20, October.
    4. Sulav Paudel & Lalit P. Sah & Mukti Devkota & Vijaya Poudyal & P.V. Vara Prasad & Manuel R. Reyes, 2020. "Conservation Agriculture and Integrated Pest Management Practices Improve Yield and Income while Reducing Labor, Pests, Diseases and Chemical Pesticide Use in Smallholder Vegetable Farms in Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-16, August.
    5. Lateef Olawale Akanni, 2020. "Climatic Variations and Spatial Price Differentials of Perishable Foods in Nigeria," Econometric Research in Finance, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, vol. 5(1), pages 1-15, June.
    6. M.M. Khanum & M. Nuruzzaman & M.S Huda & M.A.A.A Muzahid, 2021. "Effect Of Organic Manures And Planting Time On Growth, Yield, Quality And Economics Of Squash Under Medium High Land Condition Of Dinajpur Region," Sustainability in Food and Agriculture (SFNA), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 2(1), pages 40-43, January.
    7. Xiao Ma & Fen Zhang & Fabo Liu & Guangzheng Guo & Taihong Cheng & Junjie Wang & Yuanpeng Shen & Tao Liang & Xinping Chen & Xiaozhong Wang, 2022. "An Integrated Nitrogen Management Strategy Promotes Open-Field Pepper Yield, Crop Nitrogen Uptake, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Southwest China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-11, April.
    8. Cooper, G.S. & Shankar, B. & Rich, K.M. & Ratna, N.N. & Alam, M.J. & Singh, N. & Kadiyala, S., 2021. "Can fruit and vegetable aggregation systems better balance improved producer livelihoods with more equitable distribution?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    9. Hridoy Roy & Md. Shahinoor Islam & Mohammad Tanvir Arifin & Shakhawat H. Firoz, 2022. "Synthesis, Characterization and Sorption Properties of Biochar, Chitosan and ZnO-Based Binary Composites towards a Cationic Dye," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-24, November.
    10. Debela, Diriba Dadi & Stellmacher, Till & Azadi, Hossein & Kelboro, Girma & Lebailly, Philippe & Ghorbani, Mehdi, 2020. "The Impact of Industrial Investments on Land Use and Smallholder Farmers’ Livelihoods in Ethiopia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    11. Anna Szczepańska-Przekota, 2023. "Are Small Agricultural Markets Recipients of World Prices? The Case of Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, June.
    12. Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo & Rahman, Wakilur & Palash, Salauddin & Jahan, Hasneen & Mainuddin, Mohammed & Ward, Frank A., 2022. "Exploring strategies to control the cost of food security: Evidence from Bangladesh," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    13. Abdulai Adams & Bedru Balana & Nicole Lefore, 2020. "Efficiency of Small-scale Irrigation Farmers in Northern Ghana: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 14(3), pages 332-352, August.
    14. Bazla Sarwar & Asad Ullah Khan & Tahir Fazal & Muhammad Aslam & Naeem Akhtar Qaisrani & Ashfaq Ahmed, 2022. "Synthesis of Novel MOF-5 Based BiCoO 3 Photocatalyst for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, October.
    15. Mohsin Raza & Abrar Inayat & Ashfaq Ahmed & Farrukh Jamil & Chaouki Ghenai & Salman R. Naqvi & Abdallah Shanableh & Muhammad Ayoub & Ammara Waris & Young-Kwon Park, 2021. "Progress of the Pyrolyzer Reactors and Advanced Technologies for Biomass Pyrolysis Processing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-42, October.
    16. Jinkang Jiao & Ying Zang & Chaowen Chen, 2024. "Key Technologies of Intelligent Weeding for Vegetables: A Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-41, August.
    17. Tanimonure, Victoria Adeyemi, 2021. "Impact of Climate Adaptation Strategies on the Net Farm Revenue of Underutilized Indigenous Vegetables’ (UIVs) Production in Southwest Nigeria," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315903, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    18. Xiaoyu Sun & Xiaoli Yang & Ruilong Zhang, 2022. "The Determinants of Grape Storage: Evidence from Grape Growers in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, December.
    19. Gennifer Meldrum & Stefano Padulosi & Gaia Lochetti & Rose Robitaille & Stefano Diulgheroff, 2018. "Issues and Prospects for the Sustainable Use and Conservation of Cultivated Vegetable Diversity for More Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-21, July.
    20. Wenlei Liu & Guixiang Chen & Deqian Zheng & Mengmeng Ge & Chaosai Liu, 2023. "Effects of the Broken Kernel on Heat and Moisture Transfer in Fixed-Bed Corn Drying Using Particle-Resolved CFD Model," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-26, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:6:p:741-:d:822840. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.