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Effects of Water and Nitrogen on Grain Filling Characteristics, Canopy Microclimate with Chalkiness of Directly Seeded Rice

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  • Yongjian Sun

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Yunxia Wu

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Yuanyuan Sun

    (Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610072, China)

  • Yinghan Luo

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Changchun Guo

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Bo Li

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Feijie Li

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Mengwen Xing

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Zhiyuan Yang

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Jun Ma

    (Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

Abstract

In order to determine how to reduce the chalkiness of rice grains through irrigation modes and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. The experiment was designed using three irrigation modes (flooding (W 1 ), dry–wet alternating (W 2 ), and dry alternating (W 3 )), three N application strategies (under 150 kg ha −1 , the application ratio of base:tiller:panicle fertilizer (30%:50%:20% (N 1 ), 30%:30%:40% (N 2 ), and 30%:10%:60% (N 3 )), and zero N as the control (N 0 ) in 2019 and 2020. The results revealed that water–nitrogen interactions had a significant or extremely significant effect on the chalkiness characteristics of the superior and inferior grains. Compared with W 1 and W 3 treatments, W 2 coupled with the N 1 application strategy can further optimize grain filling characteristics and canopy microclimate parameters, thereby reducing grain chalkiness. Correlation analysis revealed that increasing grain filling parameters (G max or G mean ) and mean grain filling rates (MGRs) during the mid-filling stage in superior grains of the primary branches and inferior grains of the secondary branches, which were important factors in water–nitrogen interaction effects, could further reduce chalkiness. Improving the canopy microclimate (daily average temperature difference and daily average light intensity difference) during the early-filling stage for inferior grains and the mid-filling stage for superior grains could be another important method to reduce chalkiness.

Suggested Citation

  • Yongjian Sun & Yunxia Wu & Yuanyuan Sun & Yinghan Luo & Changchun Guo & Bo Li & Feijie Li & Mengwen Xing & Zhiyuan Yang & Jun Ma, 2022. "Effects of Water and Nitrogen on Grain Filling Characteristics, Canopy Microclimate with Chalkiness of Directly Seeded Rice," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:1:p:122-:d:726500
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Xiao & Li, Mo & Guo, Ping & Zhang, Zhongxue, 2019. "Optimization of water and fertilizer coupling system based on rice grain quality," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 34-46.
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    1. Chen, Le & Deng, Xueyun & Duan, Hongxia & Tan, Xueming & Xie, Xiaobing & Pan, Xiaohua & Guo, Lin & Gao, Hui & Wei, Haiyan & Zhang, Hongcheng & Luo, Tao & Chen, Xinbiao & Zeng, Yongjun, 2023. "Water management can alleviate the deterioration of rice quality caused by high canopy humidity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    2. Binoy Kumar Show & Suraj Panja & Richik GhoshThakur & Aman Basu & Apurba Koley & Anudeb Ghosh & Kalipada Pramanik & Shibani Chaudhury & Amit Kumar Hazra & Narottam Dey & Andrew B. Ross & Srinivasan Ba, 2023. "Optimisation of Anaerobic Digestate and Chemical Fertiliser Application to Enhance Rice Yield—A Machine-Learning Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-13, September.

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