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Seasonal Phenology of the Major Insect Pests of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Their Natural Enemies in a Traditional Zone and Two New Production Zones of Peru

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  • Luis Cruces

    (Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru
    Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium)

  • Eduardo de la Peña

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium)

  • Patrick De Clercq

    (Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium)

Abstract

Over the last decade, the sown area of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been increasingly expanding in Peru, and new production fields have emerged, stretching from the Andes to coastal areas. The fields at low altitudes have the potential to produce higher yields than those in the highlands. This study investigated the occurrence of insect pests and the natural enemies of quinoa in a traditional production zone, San Lorenzo (in the Andes), and in two new zones at lower altitudes, La Molina (on the coast) and Majes (in the “Maritime Yunga” ecoregion), by plant sampling and pitfall trapping. Our data indicated that the pest pressure in quinoa was higher at lower elevations than in the highlands. The major insect pest infesting quinoa at high densities in San Lorenzo was Eurysacca melanocampta ; in La Molina, the major pests were E. melanocampta , Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Liriomyza huidobrensis ; and in Majes, Frankliniella occidentalis was the most abundant pest. The natural enemy complex played an important role in controlling M. euphorbiae and L. huidobrensis by preventing pest resurgence. The findings of this study may assist quinoa producers (from the Andes and from regions at lower altitudes) in establishing better farming practices in the framework of integrated pest management.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Cruces & Eduardo de la Peña & Patrick De Clercq, 2020. "Seasonal Phenology of the Major Insect Pests of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Their Natural Enemies in a Traditional Zone and Two New Production Zones of Peru," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:12:p:644-:d:464276
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bedoya-Perales, Noelia S. & Pumi, Guilherme & Talamini, Edson & Padula, Antonio Domingos, 2018. "The quinoa boom in Peru: Will land competition threaten sustainability in one of the cradles of agriculture?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 475-480.
    2. Noelia S. Bedoya-Perales & Guilherme Pumi & Angel Mujica & Edson Talamini & Antonio Domingos Padula, 2018. "Quinoa Expansion in Peru and Its Implications for Land Use Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-13, February.
    3. Cindybell Gamboa & Goedele Van den Broeck & Miet Maertens, 2018. "Smallholders’ Preferences for Improved Quinoa Varieties in the Peruvian Andes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-22, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Renata Bažok, 2022. "Integrated Pest Management of Field Crops," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-5, March.

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