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Nitrogen Fertilization Causes Changes in Agricultural Characteristics and Gas Emissions in Rice Field

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  • Jae-Ryoung Park

    (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
    Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally.)

  • Yoon-Hee Jang

    (Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally.)

  • Eun-Gyeong Kim

    (Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally.)

  • Gang-Seob Lee

    (Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea)

  • Kyung-Min Kim

    (Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
    Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Rice is a source of food for the majority of the global population. Currently, the rice yield is declining owing to extreme climate change. Farmers use nitrogen fertilizers to increase the yield; however, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application has a negative impact on plants and the environment. Nitrogen fertilizer is necessary for the growth of rice, but it is an important cause of environ-mental pollution. Carbon monoxide (CO) emitted from rice fields due to nitrogen fertilizer reacts with greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide or methane, affecting global warming. Although CO does not directly affect global warming, it is a gas that needs attention because it reacts with various other gases. In this study, a chamber was designed and manufactured to collect the CO emitted from the paddy field after nitrogen fertilizer application in 2021 and 2022. In paddy fields, nitrogen fertilizer treatment affected the pH, EC, and soil temperature, and affected various agricultural traits. Various agricultural characteristics and the number of spikes, number of tillers, and chlorophyll content increased with nitrogen fertilizer application, whereas the amylose content decreased. Adequate nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to increase the rice yield; however, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application has a serious negative effect on grain quality and can accelerate global warming by releasing CO from paddy fields. The appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer can have a positive effect on farmers by increasing yield. However, caution should be exercised in the application of excessive nitrogen fertilizers, as excessive nitrogen fertilizers increase the emission of CO, which affects greenhouse gases.

Suggested Citation

  • Jae-Ryoung Park & Yoon-Hee Jang & Eun-Gyeong Kim & Gang-Seob Lee & Kyung-Min Kim, 2023. "Nitrogen Fertilization Causes Changes in Agricultural Characteristics and Gas Emissions in Rice Field," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3336-:d:1065398
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Kifayatullah Kakar & Tran Dang Xuan & Zubair Noori & Shafiqullah Aryan & Gulbuddin Gulab, 2020. "Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality of Rice," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-11, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Peng Zhou & Yazhou Ou & Wei Yang & Yixiang Gu & Yinuo Kong & Yangxin Zhu & Chengqian Jin & Shanshan Hao, 2024. "Variable-Rate Fertilization for Summer Maize Using Combined Proximal Sensing Technology and the Nitrogen Balance Principle," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, July.
    2. João Gonçalves & Jorge Freitas & Igor Fernandes & Pedro Silva, 2023. "Microalgae as Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Way to Improve Soil Fertility and Plant Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-19, August.

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