IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jadmsc/v10y2020i3p54-d397376.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cluster Typology of Business Models of Start-Ups. (Example of Slovakia)

Author

Listed:
  • Štefan Slávik

    (Department of Management, University of Economics in Bratislava, 851 02 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Richard Bednár

    (Department of Management, University of Economics in Bratislava, 851 02 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Ivana Mišúnová Hudáková

    (Department of Management, University of Economics in Bratislava, 851 02 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Katarína Moravčíková

    (Department of Statistics, University of Economics in Bratislava, 851 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
    Institute for Forecasting CSPS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 811 05 Bratislava, Slovakia)

Abstract

Start-up is an emerging micro-enterprise that has different characteristics to a larger and mature enterprise. Its viability depends mainly on a functioning business model. The purpose of the research study is to identify the basic types of business model regardless of the specific industry, and thus to penetrate deeper into the more general cognition of start-up business making. The research sample contains 106 start-ups, the business models of which are described using fourteen criteria, which are derived from the visualization of canvas . The research sample is divided by cluster analysis (Ward’s hierarchical agglomeration method) into nine clusters, hence types of business models. For a better understanding, the clusters were aggregated into four groups with similar business models. Grouping A is characterized by the model with a small range of processes, mostly with higher product differentiation, scarce resources and satisfying the common basic and higher needs. Grouping B is characterized by the model with a large range of processes and higher product differentiation and satisfying the common basic and higher needs or newer practical needs. Start-ups in grouping C have the model with considerable differentiation aimed at satisfying the common needs. Grouping D has the model based on cultivating relationships with customers, cheap satisfying of needs and use of ordinary resources. The models differ the most in the span of operational processes, segmentation and distribution, and differ the least in the relationships between customers, the cost–price ratio and protection against imitation. The practical use of the identified clusters lies in the fact that they are a reflection of the real behaviour of start-ups, they determine the real parameters of business models, and therefore they provide the founders of start-ups with verified patterns, the outlines of which are probably not definitive.

Suggested Citation

  • Štefan Slávik & Richard Bednár & Ivana Mišúnová Hudáková & Katarína Moravčíková, 2020. "Cluster Typology of Business Models of Start-Ups. (Example of Slovakia)," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:10:y:2020:i:3:p:54-:d:397376
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/10/3/54/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/10/3/54/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nizar Abdelkafi & Erik G. Hansen, 2018. "Ecopreneurs' creation of user business models for green tech: an exploratory study in e-mobility," International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 10(1), pages 32-55.
    2. Scott A. Shane & Karl T. Ulrich, 2004. "50th Anniversary Article: Technological Innovation, Product Development, and Entrepreneurship in Management Science," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(2), pages 133-144, February.
    3. Charles Baden-Fuller & Vincent Mangematin, 2013. "Business models: A challenging agenda," Grenoble Ecole de Management (Post-Print) hal-00869707, HAL.
    4. Bernd W. Wirtz, 2019. "Digital Business Models," Progress in IS, Springer, number 978-3-030-13005-3, June.
    5. Ghezzi, Antonio & Cavallo, Angelo, 2020. "Agile Business Model Innovation in Digital Entrepreneurship: Lean Startup Approaches," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 519-537.
    6. Venkata Sai Srinivasa Rao Muramalla & Ateeq Mesfer Al-Hazza, 2019. "Entrepreneurial Strategies and Factors Stimulate the Business of Tech Startups," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 10(3), pages 360-370, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Giacosa, Elisa & Culasso, Francesca & Crocco, Edoardo, 2022. "Customer agility in the modern automotive sector: how lead management shapes agile digital companies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    2. Jahangir Karimi & Zhiping Walter, 2021. "The Role of Entrepreneurial Agility in Digital Entrepreneurship and Creating Value in Response to Digital Disruption in the Newspaper Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-26, March.
    3. Vrontis, Demetris & Morea, Donato & Basile, Gianpaolo & Bonacci, Isabella & Mazzitelli, Andrea, 2021. "Consequences of technology and social innovation on traditional business model," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    4. Hua Zhang & Qiwang Zhang, 2023. "How Does Digital Transformation Facilitate Enterprise Total Factor Productivity? The Multiple Mediators of Supplier Concentration and Customer Concentration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Amel Attour & Thierry Burger-Helmchen, 2014. "Écosystèmes et modèles d'affaires : introduction," Revue d'économie industrielle, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(2), pages 11-25.
    6. Maria Rosa De Giacomo & Raimund Bleischwitz, 2020. "Business models for environmental sustainability: Contemporary shortcomings and some perspectives," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(8), pages 3352-3369, December.
    7. John Sibley Butler & Rajiv Garg & Bryan Stephens, 2020. "Social Networks, Funding, and Regional Advantages in Technology Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Analysis," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(1), pages 198-216, March.
    8. Alexis Laszczuk & Lionel Garreau & Bernard de Montmorillon, 2017. "Understanding emergence in business model development: how companies interact with stakeholders to deal with environmental ambiguity," Post-Print hal-01787276, HAL.
    9. Chaudhary, Sanjay & Kaur, Puneet & Ferraris, Alberto & Bresciani, Stefano & Dhir, Amandeep, 2024. "Connecting entrepreneurial ecosystem and innovation. Grasping at straws or hitting a home run?," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    10. Karan Girotra & Christian Terwiesch & Karl T. Ulrich, 2007. "Valuing R& D Projects in a Portfolio: Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(9), pages 1452-1466, September.
    11. Laudien, Sven M. & Reuter, Ute & Sendra Garcia, Francisco Javier & Botella-Carrubi, Dolores, 2024. "Digital advancement and its effect on business model design: Qualitative-empirical insights," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    12. E. Moreva L. & Е. Морева Л., 2017. "Бизнес-Модель И Ее Роль В Разработке Инновационной Политики (Анализ Зарубежных Концепций) // The Business Model And Its Role In The Development Of The Innovation Policy (Analysis Of Foreign Concepts)," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 21(4), pages 126-137.
    13. Angelo Cavallo & Antonio Ghezzi & Cristina Rossi-Lamastra, 2021. "Small-medium enterprises and innovative startups in entrepreneurial ecosystems: exploring an under-remarked relation," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1843-1866, December.
    14. Yael Grushka-Cockayne & Bert De Reyck & Zeger Degraeve, 2008. "An Integrated Decision-Making Approach for Improving European Air Traffic Management," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(8), pages 1395-1409, August.
    15. Khorshed Alam & Mohammad Afshar Ali & Michael Erdiaw-Kwasie & Md Shahiduzzaman & Eswaran Velayutham & Peter A. Murray & Retha Wiesner, 2022. "Impact of ICTs on Innovation and Performance of Firms: Do Start-ups, Regional Proximity and Skills Matter?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    16. Marek Jabłoński & Adam Jabłoński, 2019. "Social Factors as a Basic Driver of the Digitalization of the Business Models of Railway Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-29, June.
    17. Kateb, Sanaz & Ruehle, Rebecca C. & Kroon, David P. & van Burg, Elco & Huber, Max, 2022. "Innovating under pressure: Adopting digital technologies in social care organizations during the COVID-19 crisis," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    18. Daniel Metz, 2021. "Role of Organizational Diagnosis in Improving Employee- Centred Strategies in the IT&C Sector," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 24(82), pages 47-55, December,.
    19. Shusen Qi & Steven Ongena, 2020. "Fuel the Engine: Bank Credit and Firm Innovation," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 57(2), pages 115-147, April.
    20. Yáñez-Valdés, Claudia & Guerrero, Maribel & Barros-Celume, Sebastián & Ibáñez, María J., 2023. "Winds of change due to global lockdowns: Refreshing digital social entrepreneurship research paradigm," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:10:y:2020:i:3:p:54-:d:397376. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.