IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ers/journl/vxxivy2021ispecial3p509-520.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Smart City: Definitions, Dimensions, and Initiatives

Author

Listed:
  • Wojciech Kozlowski
  • Kacper Suwar

Abstract

Purpose: The smart city is an increasingly popular topic in the sustainable development of the city. However, there is still misunderstanding about what smart cities are. This study examined how different definition and dimensions included in the smart city concept can be categorized and how does a smart initiative make European cities smarter. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper attempts to answer the above questions through literature review and case study methods. The case study was used to present the actions of municipal authorities aimed at making cities smarter. Findings: Smart city is difficult to define unequivocally due to its multidimensional character. When defining a smart city, most authors emphasize the role of information and communication technologies in city development. Urban centers are also defined in terms of human and social capital and institutions. In contrast, nowadays, there is a wide consensus at on accepting six dimension of smart city concept. According to this the development of the city is expected to make investments in economy, environment, governance, living, mobility, and people. Smart initiatives depend to a large extent on local factors. Therefore, the challenge for city authorities is to choose the most optimal city development strategy in the given economic, technological, and social conditions. In Europe, smart initiatives concern the greening of cities and the activation of elderly and disabled people. Practical Implications: The article offers useful insights for both practitioners and scientist interested in smart city initiatives. Smart city is characterized by democratism, because community, research, and development centers as well as institutional and economic entities are interested in it. The implementation of the smart concept means innovative and sustainable urban development in harmony with the natural environment, without violating social cohesion, while respecting limited resources to meet stakeholder expectations. Originality/Value: The results of the study contribute in the cognitive sense to the smart city concept. Comprehensive definition of smart city is proposed. Smart city is a city that combines information and communication technologies, social infrastructure (human and social capital) and public institutions to dynamize its economic, social, environmental, and cultural development.

Suggested Citation

  • Wojciech Kozlowski & Kacper Suwar, 2021. "Smart City: Definitions, Dimensions, and Initiatives," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 3), pages 509-520.
  • Handle: RePEc:ers:journl:v:xxiv:y:2021:i:special3:p:509-520
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.ersj.eu/journal/2442/download
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mariusz Czupich, 2019. "The Role Of Ict In The Smart City Concept," OLSZTYN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 14(1), pages 63-74, March.
    2. Eliza Farelnik & Agnieszka Stanowicka, 2016. "Smart City, Slow City And Smart Slow City As Development Models Of Modern Cities," OLSZTYN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 11(4), pages 359-370, November.
    3. Kumar, Harish & Singh, Manoj Kumar & Gupta, M.P. & Madaan, Jitendra, 2020. "Moving towards smart cities: Solutions that lead to the Smart City Transformation Framework," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    4. Leonidas G. Anthopoulos, 2017. "Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick?," Public Administration and Information Technology, Springer, number 978-3-319-57015-0, March.
    5. Agnieszka Stanowicka, 2015. "Metropolitan Areas In Poland – State Of Development And Its Barriers," OLSZTYN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 10(2), pages 143-156, May.
    6. Vito Albino & Umberto Berardi & Rosa Maria Dangelico, 2015. "Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 3-21, January.
    7. John V. Winters, 2011. "Why Are Smart Cities Growing? Who Moves And Who Stays," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 253-270, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mustafa Muthanna Najm Shahrabani & Rasa Apanaviciene, 2024. "An AI-Based Evaluation Framework for Smart Building Integration into Smart City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-35, September.
    2. Fernando Almeida, 2023. "Prospects of Cybersecurity in Smart Cities," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Łukasz Brzeziński & Magdalena Krystyna Wyrwicka, 2022. "Fundamental Directions of the Development of the Smart Cities Concept and Solutions in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-52, November.
    2. Nammi Kim & Seungwoo Yang, 2021. "Characteristics of Conceptually Related Smart Cities (CRSCs) Services from the Perspective of Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-48, March.
    3. Dubravka Jurlina Alibegovic & Zeljka Kordej-De Villa & Mislav Sagovac, 2018. "Smart City Indicators: Can They Improve Governance in Croatian Large Cities?," Working Papers 1805, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb.
    4. Johannes Stübinger & Lucas Schneider, 2020. "Understanding Smart City—A Data-Driven Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-23, October.
    5. Marcin Janusz & Marcin Kowalczyk, 2022. "How Smart Are V4 Cities? Evidence from the Multidimensional Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    6. Oleg Golubchikov & Mary J. Thornbush, 2022. "Smart Cities as Hybrid Spaces of Governance: Beyond the Hard/Soft Dichotomy in Cyber-Urbanization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-12, August.
    7. Renata Biadacz & Marek Biadacz, 2021. "Implementation of “Smart” Solutions and An Attempt to Measure Them: A Case Study of Czestochowa, Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-28, September.
    8. Marcos Nahuel Martínez Stanziani, 2020. "Índices de Ciudades Inteligentes: construcción y análisis de un indicador para la ciudad de Bahía Blanca," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4374, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    9. Moustaka, Vaia & Theodosiou, Zenonas & Vakali, Athena & Kounoudes, Anastasis & Anthopoulos, Leonidas G., 2019. "Εnhancing social networking in smart cities: Privacy and security borderlines," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 285-300.
    10. Nilssen, Maja, 2019. "To the smart city and beyond? Developing a typology of smart urban innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 98-104.
    11. Monika Wawer & Kalina Grzesiuk & Dorota Jegorow, 2022. "Smart Mobility in a Smart City in the Context of Generation Z Sustainability, Use of ICT, and Participation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-30, June.
    12. Hasmawaty & Yulis Tyagita Utami & Darius Antoni, 2022. "Building Green Smart City Capabilities in South Sumatra, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, June.
    13. Cristina García Fernández & Daniël Peek, 2023. "Connecting the Smart Village: A Switch towards Smart and Sustainable Rural-Urban Linkages in Spain," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, April.
    14. Pantelis Sotirelis & Panagiotis Nakopoulos & Theodora Valvi & Evangelos Grigoroudis & Elias Carayannis, 2022. "Measuring Smart City Performance: a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Approach," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(4), pages 2957-2985, December.
    15. Schiavone, Francesco & Paolone, Francesco & Mancini, Daniela, 2019. "Business model innovation for urban smartization," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 210-219.
    16. Sawsan Abutabenjeh & Julius A. Nukpezah & Annus Azhar, 2022. "Do Smart Cities Technologies Contribute to Local Economic Development?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(1), pages 3-16, February.
    17. Zhu, Yu-Qian & Alamsyah, Nurwahyu, 2022. "Citizen empowerment and satisfaction with smart city app: Findings from Jakarta," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    18. Qian Wang & Shixian Luo & Jiao Zhang & Katsunori Furuya, 2022. "Increased Attention to Smart Development in Rural Areas: A Scientometric Analysis of Smart Village Research," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-28, August.
    19. Karimikia, Hadi & Bradshaw, Robert & Singh, Harminder & Ojo, Adegboyega & Donnellan, Brian & Guerin, Michael, 2022. "An emergent taxonomy of boundary spanning in the smart city context – The case of smart Dublin," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    20. Ioannis Vardopoulos & Maria Papoui-Evangelou & Bogdana Nosova & Luca Salvati, 2023. "Smart ‘Tourist Cities’ Revisited: Culture-Led Urban Sustainability and the Global Real Estate Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-26, February.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Smart city; urban development; quality of live.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • H70 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ers:journl:v:xxiv:y:2021:i:special3:p:509-520. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Marios Agiomavritis (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://ersj.eu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.