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Value-at-risk and related measures for the Bitcoin

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  • Stavros Stavroyiannis

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the value-at-risk and related measures for the Bitcoin and to compare the findings with Standard and Poor’s SP500 Index, and the gold spot price time series. Design/methodology/approach - A GJR-GARCH model has been implemented, in which the residuals follow the standardized Pearson type-IV distribution. A large variety of value-at-risk measures and backtesting criteria are implemented. Findings - Bitcoin is a highly volatile currency violating the value-at-risk measures more than the other assets. With respect to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Accords, a Bitcoin investor is subjected to higher capital requirements and capital allocation ratio. Practical implications - The risk of an investor holding Bitcoins is measured and quantified via the regulatory framework practices. Originality/value - This paper is the first comprehensive approach to the risk properties of Bitcoin.

Suggested Citation

  • Stavros Stavroyiannis, 2018. "Value-at-risk and related measures for the Bitcoin," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 19(2), pages 127-136, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:jrfpps:jrf-07-2017-0115
    DOI: 10.1108/JRF-07-2017-0115
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Panagiotidis, Theodore & Papapanagiotou, Georgios & Stengos, Thanasis, 2022. "On the volatility of cryptocurrencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    2. Daniel Tut, 2022. "Bitcoin: Future or Fad?," Springer Books, in: Thomas Walker & Frederick Davis & Tyler Schwartz (ed.), Big Data in Finance, pages 133-157, Springer.
    3. Andrei-Dragos Popescu, 2021. "Assessing Portfolio Risks Involving Bitcoin and Ethereum Using Vector Autoregressive Model," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(2), pages 1101-1109, December.
    4. Mawuli Segnon & Stelios Bekiros, 2020. "Forecasting volatility in bitcoin market," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 435-462, September.
    5. Pınar Kaya Soylu & Mustafa Okur & Özgür Çatıkkaş & Z. Ayca Altintig, 2020. "Long Memory in the Volatility of Selected Cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Tut, DANIEL, 2024. "Bitcoin, speculative sentiments and crypto-assets valuation," MPRA Paper 120866, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Zouheir Mighri & Raouf Jaziri, 2023. "Long-Memory, Asymmetry and Fat-Tailed GARCH Models in Value-at-Risk Estimation: Empirical Evidence from the Global Real Estate Markets," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 21(1), pages 41-97, March.
    8. Aharon, David Y. & Butt, Hassan Anjum & Jaffri, Ali & Nichols, Brian, 2023. "Asymmetric volatility in the cryptocurrency market: New evidence from models with structural breaks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    9. Fakhfekh, Mohamed & Jeribi, Ahmed, 2020. "Volatility dynamics of crypto-currencies’ returns: Evidence from asymmetric and long memory GARCH models," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    10. Ilhami KARAHANOGLU, 2020. "The VaR comparison of the fresh investment toolBITCOIN with other conventional investment tools, gold, stock exchange (BIST100) and foreign currencies (EUR/USD VS TRL)," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 11, pages 160-181, December.
    11. Trucíos, Carlos, 2019. "Forecasting Bitcoin risk measures: A robust approach," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 836-847.
    12. Esfandiar Maasoumi & Xi Wu, 2021. "Contrasting Cryptocurrencies with Other Assets: Full Distributions and the COVID Impact," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, September.
    13. Dean Fantazzini & Stephan Zimin, 2020. "A multivariate approach for the simultaneous modelling of market risk and credit risk for cryptocurrencies," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 47(1), pages 19-69, March.
    14. Leopoldo Catania & Mads Sandholdt, 2019. "Bitcoin at High Frequency," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, February.
    15. Patra, Saswat, 2021. "Revisiting value-at-risk and expected shortfall in oil markets under structural breaks: The role of fat-tailed distributions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    16. Branimir Cvitko Cicvarić, 2020. "Volatility of Cryptocurrencies," Notitia - journal for economic, business and social issues, Notitia Ltd., vol. 1(6), pages 13-23, December.
    17. Bedi, Prateek & Nashier, Tripti, 2020. "On the investment credentials of Bitcoin: A cross-currency perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    18. Acereda, Beatriz & Leon, Angel & Mora, Juan, 2020. "Estimating the expected shortfall of cryptocurrencies: An evaluation based on backtesting," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).
    19. Enilov, Martin & Mensi, Walid & Stankov, Petar, 2023. "Does safe haven exist? Tail risks of commodity markets during COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    20. Roy Cerqueti & Massimiliano Giacalone & Raffaele Mattera, 2020. "Skewed non-Gaussian GARCH models for cryptocurrencies volatility modelling," Papers 2004.11674, arXiv.org.
    21. Achraf Ghorbel & Ahmed Jeribi, 2021. "Investigating the relationship between volatilities of cryptocurrencies and other financial assets," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 44(2), pages 817-843, December.
    22. Duygu Ider & Stefan Lessmann, 2022. "Forecasting Cryptocurrency Returns from Sentiment Signals: An Analysis of BERT Classifiers and Weak Supervision," Papers 2204.05781, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    23. Gao, Lingbo & Ye, Wuyi & Guo, Ranran, 2022. "Jointly forecasting the value-at-risk and expected shortfall of Bitcoin with a regime-switching CAViaR model," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    24. Mawuli Segnon & Stelios Bekiros, 2019. "Forecasting Volatility in Cryptocurrency Markets," CQE Working Papers 7919, Center for Quantitative Economics (CQE), University of Muenster.
    25. Klarin, Anton, 2020. "The decade-long cryptocurrencies and the blockchain rollercoaster: Mapping the intellectual structure and charting future directions," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).

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