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A comparative evaluation of seven instruments for measuring values comprising Hofstede's model of culture

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  • Taras, Vas
  • Steel, Piers
  • Stackhouse, Madelynn

Abstract

Culture and its measurement are foundational to International Business research. Hofstede's model of culture dominates cross-cultural research. Unfortunately, the evidence of poor psychometric properties of Hofstede's instrument for measuring cultural values, the VSM, has been mounting, which prompted the development of numerous alternative instruments for measuring cultural values comprising Hofstede's model of culture. The abundance of choices makes it challenging to determine which of the instruments is most suitable for a given study. Using a large international sample (N = 12,462), we evaluated the psychometric properties of seven different instruments for measuring individual-level values in Hofstede's cultural framework and assessed their content validity, reliability, factor structure, and measurement equivalence. Our tests confirmed that Hofstede's instrument suffers from several psychometric deficiencies, while other instruments, notably those developed by Dorfman and Howell (1988), Yoo et al. (2011), and Taras et al. (2013), showed good reliability and validity. Guidelines for selecting the most suitable instrument and directions for future instrument development are provided.

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  • Taras, Vas & Steel, Piers & Stackhouse, Madelynn, 2023. "A comparative evaluation of seven instruments for measuring values comprising Hofstede's model of culture," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 58(1).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:worbus:v:58:y:2023:i:1:s1090951622000773
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101386
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vas Taras & Piers Steel & Bradley L. Kirkman, 2016. "Does Country Equate with Culture? Beyond Geography in the Search for Cultural Boundaries," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 455-487, August.
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    6. Steel, Piers & Taras, Vasyl, 2010. "Culture as a consequence: A multi-level multivariate meta-analysis of the effects of individual and country characteristics on work-related cultural values," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 211-233, September.
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