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Hidden Child Labor: Determinants of Housework and Family Business Work of Children in 16 Developing Countries

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  • Webbink, Ellen
  • Smits, Jeroen
  • de Jong, Eelke

Abstract

Two forms of “hidden” child labor – housework and family business work – are studied for 178,000 children in 16 African and Asian countries. About 30% of African children and 11% of Asian children work over 15h a week in hidden child labor. Girls are more involved in housework and boys more in family business work, but this division is not strict. Most (80–90%) of variation is due to household factors. Children work less in urban, less traditional, and more educated areas. Gender differences are larger in Asia, probably due to a stricter form of patriarchy.

Suggested Citation

  • Webbink, Ellen & Smits, Jeroen & de Jong, Eelke, 2012. "Hidden Child Labor: Determinants of Housework and Family Business Work of Children in 16 Developing Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 631-642.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:40:y:2012:i:3:p:631-642
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.005
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