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Two-echelon urban deliveries using autonomous vehicles

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  • Yu, Shaohua
  • Puchinger, Jakob
  • Sun, Shudong

Abstract

We introduce a two-echelon urban delivery problem with second-level unmanned vehicles. This problem typically applies for delivering parcels or other small commodities to pedestrianized areas such as campuses or residential clusters. To model the proposed vehicle routing problem, we introduce a mixed-integer program. We further propose construction heuristics and a hybrid metaheuristic approach with backtracking for solving larger instances. A sensitivity analysis for vehicle speed combinations reveals that increasing small autonomous vehicle (SAV) speeds has only very limited effects on cost. We therefore recommend to keep SAV speeds rather low because of a more pedestrian friendly environment in practical implementations.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu, Shaohua & Puchinger, Jakob & Sun, Shudong, 2020. "Two-echelon urban deliveries using autonomous vehicles," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:141:y:2020:i:c:s1366554520306694
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102018
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    2. Khayyam Masood & Matteo Zoppi & Vincent Fremont & Rezia M. Molfino, 2021. "From Drive-By-Wire to Autonomous Vehicle: Urban Freight Vehicle Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, January.
    3. Büyüközkan, Gülçin & Ilıcak, Öykü, 2022. "Smart urban logistics: Literature review and future directions," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    4. Peng, Xiaoshuai & Zhang, Lele & Thompson, Russell G. & Wang, Kangzhou, 2023. "A three-phase heuristic for last-mile delivery with spatial-temporal consolidation and delivery options," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    5. Chen, Cheng & Demir, Emrah & Huang, Yuan, 2021. "An adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic for the vehicle routing problem with time windows and delivery robots," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 294(3), pages 1164-1180.
    6. Zhou, Hang & Qin, Hu & Cheng, Chun & Rousseau, Louis-Martin, 2023. "An exact algorithm for the two-echelon vehicle routing problem with drones," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 124-150.
    7. Amine Masmoudi, M. & Mancini, Simona & Baldacci, Roberto & Kuo, Yong-Hong, 2022. "Vehicle routing problems with drones equipped with multi-package payload compartments," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    8. Sluijk, Natasja & Florio, Alexandre M. & Kinable, Joris & Dellaert, Nico & Van Woensel, Tom, 2023. "Two-echelon vehicle routing problems: A literature review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 304(3), pages 865-886.
    9. Mishra, Sabyasachee & Sharma, Ishant & Pani, Agnivesh, 2023. "Analyzing autonomous delivery acceptance in food deserts based on shopping travel patterns," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    10. Srinivas, Sharan & Ramachandiran, Surya & Rajendran, Suchithra, 2022. "Autonomous robot-driven deliveries: A review of recent developments and future directions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    11. Liu, Shuai & Hua, Guowei & Cheng, T.C.E. & Dong, Jingxin, 2021. "Unmanned vehicle distribution capacity sharing with demand surge under option contracts," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    12. Yu, Shaohua & Puchinger, Jakob & Sun, Shudong, 2022. "Van-based robot hybrid pickup and delivery routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(3), pages 894-914.

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