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Fare inspection patrols scheduling in transit systems using a Stackelberg game approach

Author

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  • Brotcorne, L.
  • Escalona, P.
  • Fortz, B.
  • Labbé, M.

Abstract

This study analyzes the scheduling of unpredictable fare inspections in proof-of-payment transit systems, where the transit operator chooses a collection of patrol paths (one for each patrol) every day with some probability in order to avoid any regularity that could be exploited by opportunistic passengers. We use a Stackelberg game approach to represent the hierarchical decision-making process between the transit operator and opportunistic passengers, whose decision on whether to evade the fare depends on the inspection probabilities set by the transit operator. Unlike previous work, we use an exact formulation of the inspection probabilities that allows us to develop new heuristics for the fare inspection scheduling problem, and to assess their solution quality in terms of their optimality gap.

Suggested Citation

  • Brotcorne, L. & Escalona, P. & Fortz, B. & Labbé, M., 2021. "Fare inspection patrols scheduling in transit systems using a Stackelberg game approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1-20.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:154:y:2021:i:c:p:1-20
    DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2021.10.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Currie, Graham & Delbosc, Alexa, 2017. "An empirical model for the psychology of deliberate and unintentional fare evasion," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 21-29.
    2. Barabino, Benedetto & Salis, Sara & Useli, Bruno, 2014. "Fare evasion in proof-of-payment transit systems: Deriving the optimum inspection level," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1-17.
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    4. Felipe González & Carolina Busco & Katheryn Codocedo, 2019. "Fare Evasion in Public Transport: Grouping Transantiago Users’ Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-17, November.
    5. José Correa & Tobias Harks & Vincent J. C. Kreuzen & Jannik Matuschke, 2017. "Fare Evasion in Transit Networks," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 65(1), pages 165-183, February.
    6. Benedetto Barabino & Sara Salis, 2019. "Moving Towards a More Accurate Level of Inspection Against Fare Evasion in Proof-of-Payment Transit Systems," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1319-1346, December.
    7. Benedetto Barabino & Cristian Lai & Alessandro Olivo, 2020. "Fare evasion in public transport systems: a review of the literature," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 27-88, March.
    8. José Correa & Tobias Harks & Vincent J. C. Kreuzen & Jannik Matuschke, 2017. "Fare Evasion in Transit Networks," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 65(1), pages 165-183, February.
    9. Troncoso, Rodrigo & de Grange, Louis, 2017. "Fare evasion in public transport: A time series approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 311-318.
    10. A. Pessoa & R. Sadykov & E. Uchoa & F. Vanderbeck, 2018. "Automation and Combination of Linear-Programming Based Stabilization Techniques in Column Generation," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 30(2), pages 339-360, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Jian & Cui, Lei, 2023. "Patrolling games with coordination between monitoring devices and patrols," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
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