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A four-step method for electric-vehicle charging facility deployment in a dense city: An empirical study in Singapore

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  • Wang, Hua
  • Zhao, De
  • Meng, Qiang
  • Ong, Ghim Ping
  • Lee, Der-Horng

Abstract

In the recent decade, electric vehicles (EVs), as a clean and cost-effective transport means, are paving the way to replace conventional gasoline vehicles. To facilitate wider adoption of EVs, corresponding charging infrastructures have to be established first. In this paper, we propose a four-step method to deploy normal and fast charging stations that can satisfy the charging demand of private EVs, 1-shift and 2-shift EV taxis in a mature city. The proposed four-step method provides an easy-to-implement procedure for charging demand estimation and distribution. First, we derive the charging frequency and type of charging facilities for each type of EVs based on their technical specifications and operational characteristics. Then, total demand for normal and fast charging facilities can be generated by using up-to-date transport statistics, and these demand is allocated to various charging sites (car parks or petrol stations) based on spatial distribution of EVs. Given the average daily engaged working hours of a charger, service capacity at each charging station is thus determined. A case study of Singapore is put forward in the end and a scenario analysis is conducted to demonstrate the impact of driving range.

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  • Wang, Hua & Zhao, De & Meng, Qiang & Ong, Ghim Ping & Lee, Der-Horng, 2019. "A four-step method for electric-vehicle charging facility deployment in a dense city: An empirical study in Singapore," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 224-237.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:119:y:2019:i:c:p:224-237
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2018.11.012
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    14. Bolong Yun & Daniel (Jian) Sun & Yingjie Zhang & Siwen Deng & Jing Xiong, 2019. "A Charging Location Choice Model for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Users," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-23, October.
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    17. He, Sylvia Y. & Kuo, Yong-Hong & Sun, Ka Kit, 2022. "The spatial planning of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure in a high-density city using a contextualised location-allocation model," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 21-44.
    18. Yongzhong Wu & Siyi Zhuge & Guoxin Han & Wei Xie, 2022. "Economics of Battery Swapping for Electric Vehicles—Simulation-Based Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, February.
    19. Amjad, Muhammad & Farooq-i-Azam, Muhammad & Ni, Qiang & Dong, Mianxiong & Ansari, Ejaz Ahmad, 2022. "Wireless charging systems for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    20. Mustafa Hamurcu & Tamer Eren, 2020. "Electric Bus Selection with Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Green Transportation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, April.
    21. Xu, Min & Meng, Qiang, 2020. "Optimal deployment of charging stations considering path deviation and nonlinear elastic demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 120-142.

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